Change of dynastiesOne of the most

Change of dynasties
One of the most important events to happen in the Forbidden City occurred in 1644. In that year, a rebel army attacked Beijing, forcing the last emperor of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Youjian (the Chongzhen emperor) to commit suicide.

A Manchu army from Manchuria was invited by the remaining Ming supporters to march on Beijing and kick the rebels out. They succeeded but the price of their success was the founding of a new, Manchu-led, dynasty known as the Qing. Their rulers would go on to rebuild Beijing, and much of the Forbidden City, after the devastation brought by the rebel forces. They incorporated Manchu customs into the daily life of the city while continuing to respect earlier Ming customs. The Qing Dynasty would be the last imperial dynasty of China, ending in 1912 with the abdication of the 5-year-old Puyi.

An emperor’s retirement abode
The Qing Dynasty reached the height of its power under Hongli (the Qianlong emperor) who reigned 1736-1795. In 1795, after ruling for 60 years, he officially retired as emperor so that the length of his rule would not surpass that of his grandfather.

In doing so, he built a retirement palace called Ningshougong (Tranquility and Longevity Palace) in the northeast part of the Forbidden City, writes Nancy Berliner in an article published in the book "The Emperor’s Private Paradise: Treasures from the Forbidden City" (Peabody Essex Museum, 2010). It included a “twenty-seven pavilion garden” spanning two acres that “would reference nature and inner harmony, with places for leisurely contemplation, poetry writing, Buddhist meditation, and delighting in the visual arts,” Berliner writes.

In practice, the Qianlong emperor was never able to fully enjoy this palace or his retirement, retaining unofficial power up until his death in 1799. His rule would represent the height of the Qing Dynasty, the 19th century being one of decline.

The two Dowagers
In the 19th century, the Dowagers, mothers of the emperors, would gain greater influence. Dowager Cixi, who lived 1835-1908, would gain great power when her 5-year-old son, the Tongzhi Emperor, ascended the throne in 1861. For a time, she ruled literally “behind the screen” along with Dowager Ci’an (who died in 1881), telling Tongzhi and his successor what to do.

This period of rule was one of decline for the Qing Dynasty, something which some authors have tried to blame on the Dowagers, Cixi in particular. A major problem the Qing had to deal with was the relative decline of their own military in comparison to that of the Western powers. Barme notes that after the failed 1900 Boxer Rebellion, a foreign army occupied Beijing, looting the Forbidden City.

The imperial throne did not last long after Cixi’s 1908 death. In 1911, an uprising forced the 5-year-old emperor Puyi and his Dowager mother to flee the Forbidden City. He formally abdicated the following year and China would never have an emperor again. The Palace Museum was founded in the Forbidden City in 1925. Today this museum has about 1.5 million artifacts from the city under its care.

Forbidden City under Mao
Even without the emperors, there was still much history left to be made in the Forbidden City. In the Chinese civil war that broke out after World War II, the retreating Nationalists moved about 600,000 treasures, originally from the Forbidden City, to Taiwan, where they are now part of a Palace Museum in Taipei.

When the communists under Mao took control of Beijing, they didn’t know what to do with the Forbidden City. Barme notes in his book that the palace complex, with the opulence it afforded the emperor, seemed at odds with Mao’s way of thinking and plans were proposed to tear it down. They were never put into action, however, and when Richard Nixon made his groundbreaking trip to China in 1972, he visited the Forbidden City.

Результаты (русский) 1:

Смена династийОдним из наиболее важных событий произошло в Запретном городе произошла в 1644 году. В этом году повстанческой армии атаковали Пекин, заставляя последний император династии Мин Чжу Юцзянь (Chongzhen император) совершить самоубийство.Маньчжурская армия из Маньчжурии был приглашен оставшиеся сторонники Ming Марш на Пекин и выгнать повстанцев. Они преуспели, но цена их успех был основателей новой, маньчжурская вело, династии, известный как Цин. Их правители пойдет восстановить Пекин и большая часть в Запретный город, после разрушений, принесенных повстанческими силами. Они включили Маньчжурская таможенных в повседневную жизнь города продолжая соблюдать ранее Ming таможенных. Династия Цин будет последней императорской династии Китая, заканчивающийся в 1912 году с отречения ПУ 5-год старое.Император пенсию обительДинастия Цин достиг высоты своей власти под Хунли (Цяньлун) который княжил 1736-1795 гг. В 1795 году после правящей на 60 лет, он официально ушел в отставку как император так, что длина его правила не превысит, его дед.In doing so, he built a retirement palace called Ningshougong (Tranquility and Longevity Palace) in the northeast part of the Forbidden City, writes Nancy Berliner in an article published in the book "The Emperor’s Private Paradise: Treasures from the Forbidden City" (Peabody Essex Museum, 2010). It included a “twenty-seven pavilion garden” spanning two acres that “would reference nature and inner harmony, with places for leisurely contemplation, poetry writing, Buddhist meditation, and delighting in the visual arts,” Berliner writes.In practice, the Qianlong emperor was never able to fully enjoy this palace or his retirement, retaining unofficial power up until his death in 1799. His rule would represent the height of the Qing Dynasty, the 19th century being one of decline.The two DowagersIn the 19th century, the Dowagers, mothers of the emperors, would gain greater influence. Dowager Cixi, who lived 1835-1908, would gain great power when her 5-year-old son, the Tongzhi Emperor, ascended the throne in 1861. For a time, she ruled literally “behind the screen” along with Dowager Ci’an (who died in 1881), telling Tongzhi and his successor what to do.This period of rule was one of decline for the Qing Dynasty, something which some authors have tried to blame on the Dowagers, Cixi in particular. A major problem the Qing had to deal with was the relative decline of their own military in comparison to that of the Western powers. Barme notes that after the failed 1900 Boxer Rebellion, a foreign army occupied Beijing, looting the Forbidden City.The imperial throne did not last long after Cixi’s 1908 death. In 1911, an uprising forced the 5-year-old emperor Puyi and his Dowager mother to flee the Forbidden City. He formally abdicated the following year and China would never have an emperor again. The Palace Museum was founded in the Forbidden City in 1925. Today this museum has about 1.5 million artifacts from the city under its care. Forbidden City under MaoEven without the emperors, there was still much history left to be made in the Forbidden City. In the Chinese civil war that broke out after World War II, the retreating Nationalists moved about 600,000 treasures, originally from the Forbidden City, to Taiwan, where they are now part of a Palace Museum in Taipei.When the communists under Mao took control of Beijing, they didn’t know what to do with the Forbidden City. Barme notes in his book that the palace complex, with the opulence it afforded the emperor, seemed at odds with Mao’s way of thinking and plans were proposed to tear it down. They were never put into action, however, and when Richard Nixon made his groundbreaking trip to China in 1972, he visited the Forbidden City.

Результаты (русский) 3:

смены династий: одно из самых важных событий произошло в запретный город, место в 1644.в этом году повстанческой армии напали на пекин, заставляя последнего императора династии мин, чжу youjian (чжу юцзянь) совершить самоубийство.

A - армии из маньчжурии был приглашен остающихся мин сторонников в марте пекин и выбить мятежников.им это удалось, но стоимость их успеха является создание новой, - привел, династия известна как цин.их правители будут идти по восстановлению пекин, и большая часть запретного города, после разрушения в результате повстанческих сил.они включили маньчжурский таможенных в повседневной жизни города, продолжая соблюдать ранее минг таможни.династии цин будет последней императорской династии китая, заканчивающийся в 1912 году, с отказом от имени императора пу и.


отставку обитель династии цин достиг высоты его полномочия по хунли (цяньлун), который царствовал 1736-1795.в 1795 году, после решения по 60 лет,он официально ушел в отставку, как император, так что срок его правления не превысит дедушку.

, поступая так, он построил на дворец называется ningshougong (спокойствие и долголетия дворец) в северо - восточной части запретного города, пишет Berliner нэнси в статье, опубликованной в книге "император частным райским:сокровища из запретного города "(пибоди эссекском музее, 2010).она включает в себя "27 павильона сад", рассчитанный на два акра, что "справочный характер и внутренней гармонии, с места для неторопливого созерцания, стихи пишет, буддийская медитация, и любоваться в изобразительное искусство", - пишет Berliner.

на практике,The цяньлун никогда не было возможности в полной мере пользоваться в этом дворце или на пенсию, сохранив неофициальным власть до его смерти в 1799 г.его власть будет представлять высота династии цин, 19 - го века один из спада.


в двух dowagers XIX века, dowagers, матери императоры, получат большее влияние.вдовствующая cixi, которые жили 1835-1908,