Петроглифы Чолпон-АтыБасып чыгарууЖ

Петроглифы Чолпон-АтыБасып чыгаруу

Живописная Иссык-Кульская котловина, со всех сторон окруженная горами, особенно богата наскальными рисунками. Петроглифы встречаются в прибрежной и предгорной зоне котловины, там, где имеются скопления валунов или крупных камней. Иногда рисунки встречаются на протяжении нескольких километров. В горных районах Прииссыккулья петроглифы встречаются в ущельях, межгорных долинах и на многих горных перевалах. Наибольшее количество рисунков сконцентрировано на западной окраине г. Чолпон-Ата, на северном берегу оз. Иссык-Куль (Иссык-Кульская область), на довольно ровной предгорной площадке. Территория перерезана небольшими речками, саями и оврагами. Валуны с петроглифами начинаются в черте города и тянутся до предгорий Кунгей-Алатоо и на несколько километров вдоль предгорий. Камни разной величины, разной конфигурации и разбросаны на большой территории. К сожалению, во время строительства аэропорта г. Чолпон-Ата и городской застройки в этой зоне, часть камней с петроглифами уничтожена. Это местонахождение в силу своего расположения и доступности было давно известно и привлекало внимание многих исследователей, начиная еще со второй половины ХIХ в. Во второй же половине ХХ в. исследованием его занимались археологи Кыргызстана Д. Ф. Винник, Г. А. Помаскина, археолог из г. Алматы А. В. Марьяшев, сотрудник Кемеровского университета Е. Миклашевич и др. Однако весь комплекс петроглифов до сих пор не исследован в полном объеме и не получил хорошего отражения в публикациях. Рисунки Чолпон-Аты выбиты на гранитных и гранитоидных валунах крупнозернистой структуры, покрытых слоем пустынного загара.

Техника выбивки изображений различна в зависимости от поверхности камня: от мелкой и частой на гладких плоскостях до крупной и редкой - на неровных крупнозернистых поверхностях. Фигуры в основном силуэтные, но есть и контурные; часто внутри контура корпус заполнен редкими выбоинами или же завитками, спиралями. Имеются изображения, выполненные желобчатой линией способом прошлифовки. Сюжеты рисунков Чолпон-Аты самые разнообразные: встречаются изображения козлов, архаров, лошадей, верблюдов, собак; реже - оленей, быков, волков, барсов и т.д. Наряду с этим имеются изображения сцен охоты, преследования животных и др. Наиболее выразительна большая композиция на крупном валуне, где изображено стадо бегущих козлов и вокруг несколько лучников с собаками. Возможно, есть и фигуры хищников. Все изображения козлов крупные, контурные, туловища орнаментированы различными завитками. Рога животных крупные, откинутые назад и слегка закрученные.

Изображения собак и других животных даны мельче, но сплошной выбивкой. Фигуры лучников изображены очень маленькими. В этом же массиве на огромном валуне имеются крупные изображения оленей, очень близких к натуральным размерам животных. Это два рисунка оленей, стоящих рядом, один возле другого, выполненные сплошной выбивкой. Рога небольшие, даны в виде прямой линии с отходящими в обе стороны отростками. На другой стороне этого же валуна имеется также крупное изображение быка, но оно просматривается хуже, тем фигуры оленей. На другом огромном валуне интересно крупное изображение колесницы (?). Это схематичное изображение в виде двух колес, соединенных прямой линией. Здесь же изображена изящная фигура козла, возможно, перекрывающая изображение колесницы. Петроглифы урочища Чолпон-Ата также характеризует большая хронологическая протяженность от эпохи бронзы вплоть до средневековья.

Самые древние рисунки, относимые к эпохе бронзы, не так многочисленны и плохой сохранности, поэтому их трудно выделить среди всего комплекса рисунков. К ним относятся некоторые изображения быков, сопоставимые по стилю с рисунками эпохи бронзы других памятников наскального искусства, а также небольшая серия изображений хищников, козлов, выполненных техникой желобчатой прошлифовки, напоминающие по стилю известные битреугольные изображения Саймалы-Таша.

Большой пласт рисунков Чолпон-Аты относится к эпохе раннего железа, ко времени обитания на территории Иссык-Кульской котловины кочевников сакского племенного союза. Поэтому здесь достаточно ярко представлены изображения, выполненные в своеобразном скифо-сакском стиле. Это крупные контурные изображении козлов и оленей с орнаментированными туловищами, силуэтные рисунки козлов, верблюдов, собак, оленей, кабана и некоторых хищников, а также лучников. Имеется уникальное изображение акинака - короткого кинжала, характерного для сакской эпохи.

Основная масса петроглифов Чолпон-Аты, как и многих других памятников Прииссыккулья, относится к усуньскому времени. Это характерные изображения козлов, еще сохраняющие некоторые черты сакского стиля, но уже более схематизированные. Они часто перекрывают сакские рисунки или находятся с ними на одной плоскости. Одиночные или парные изображения козлов выбиты на множестве валунов, но встречаются и многофигурные композиции в виде идущих вереницей козлов, сцен охоты или противостоящих фигур животных. Часть изображений относится к тюркскому и более позднему времени. В основном это геометризованные фигуры козлов, а также изображения всадников на конях и верблюдах, караваны верблюдов, отдельные сцены охоты и изображения некоторых тамгообразных знаков.

Петроглифы Чолпон-Аты очень выгодно отличаются от других скоплений наскальных рисунков, во-первых, своим месторасположением в зоне активного летнего отдыха населения. Собственно в черте города имеетс

Результаты (английский) 1:

Petroglyphs in Cholpon-AtyBasyp čygaruuThe scenic Issyk-Kul basin, surrounded by mountains on all sides, especially rich in rock carvings. Petroglyphs are found in the coastal and foothill zone of the basin, where there are clusters of boulders or large stones. Sometimes pictures are found over several kilometres. In the mountainous regions of Issyk Kul region petroglyphs found in gorges, intermontane valleys and the many mountain passes. The largest number of drawings focuses on the Western outskirts of Cholpon-Ata, on the northern shore of the Lake. Issyk-Kul (yssyk-Kol province), at pretty smooth Foothill area. Area cut small rivers, ravines and saâmi. Boulders with petroglyphs are within the city limits and stretch to the foothills of the Kungey ALA and for several miles along the foothills. Stones of different size, different configurations and are scattered over a wide area. Unfortunately, during the construction of the airport of Cholpon-Ata city building in the area of rocks with petroglyphs destroyed. This location because of its location and accessibility have been long known and attracted the attention of many researchers, starting with the second half of the 19th century, in the second half of the 20th century his study by archaeologists j. f. Kyrgyzstan Winnick, g. a. Pomaskina, an archaeologist from Almaty, a. v. Maryashev, an employee of the Kemerovo University e. Miklashevich, etc. However, the entire complex of the petroglyphs are still not investigated fully and did not get a good reflection in publications. Cholpon Ata broken images on granite boulders in the coarse-grained structure granitoidnyh and covered with a layer of desert sun.Technology core image varies depending on the surface of the stone: from small and frequent on smooth planes to large and sparse-coarse grained on uneven surfaces. Figures in silhouette, but the contour; often the inside case is filled with rare potholes or swirls, spirals. There are images made by grooved line way prošlifovki. Picture stories Cholpon Ata range images of goats, goats, horses, camels, dogs; less frequently, deer, Bulls, wolves, leopards, etc., there are also images of hunting scenes, harassment of animals, etc. The most striking is a large composition on a large Boulder, which depicts a herd of goats running around a few archers with dogs. There may be the shape of predators. All images of goats are large, contoured body, ornamented by various swirls. Large animal horns, otkinutye back and slightly curved. Images of dogs and other animals are smaller, but solid vybivkoj. Figures of archers are very small. In this same array on a huge Boulder, there are large images of deer, very close to the natural size of the animals. The two drawings of deer, standing side by side, one near the other, made of solid vybivkoj. The horns are small, are given in the form of a straight line with the spikes. On the other side of the same Boulder also has a large image of a bull, but it is worse, the shape of the deer. On another huge Boulder interesting large image chariots (?). This is a schematic image of two wheels connected by a straight line. Here is a fine figure of a goat, perhaps ending the image of the chariot. Petroglyphs of Cholpon-Ata also characterizes the great chronological distance from the bronze age to the middle ages. The most ancient drawings attributed to the bronze age, are not very common and bad security, so they are difficult to distinguish among the entire set of pictures. These are some images of bulls, comparable in style with pictures of bronze age rock art and other monuments as well as a series of images of predators, Kozlov performed technique grooved prošlifovki, reminiscent of the style of the famous bitreugol′nye image Saimaly-Tash.Big picture Cholpon Ata layer refers to the era of the early iron age, at the time living in the territory of Issyk-Kul basin nomadic Saki tribal Alliance. So there are enough bright images are presented in an original Scythian-Saka-style. This is a large, contoured image of goats and deer with ornamented tuloviŝami, silhouette drawings of goats, camels, dogs, deer, wild boar and some predators, as well as the archers. There is a unique image akinaka-a short dagger, typical of the Saka Era. The bulk of the petroglyphs in Cholpon-Ata, and many other monuments of Issyk Kul region, belongs to the usun′skomu time. This is the characteristic image of Kozlov, yet retain some of the features of Saki's style, but are more shematizirovannye. They often overlap Saki pictures or are they on the same plane. Single or paired images of goats are engraved on the set of boulders, but there are also plural compositions in the form of a running train of goats, hunting scenes or opposing animal shapes. Portion images belongs to the Turkic and the later time. This is mainly geometrizovannye the shape of goats, as well as images of the riders on horses and camels, camel caravans, separate hunting scenes and images of some tamgoobraznyh characters. Petroglyphs in Cholpon-Ata very favorably with other clusters of rock, first, its location in the zone of the active summer holidays the population. Actually within the city limits of RES

Результаты (английский) 3:

A long rock are from the alpha PI C pronoun o. C allus are energy-saving and Isaac and kappa alpha and gamma alpha, and a long allus

picturesque basin surrounded by mountains, surrounded by mountains, especially rich in alpha kappa. C and m from the allus me drawings. In the coastal areas and foothills, petroglyph depression, where,Where there is a cluster of rocks or stones. Drawings sometimes have a few kilometers. Meet me, me are c c allus kappa kappa and the rock up a mountain valley,M e t c p allus were albumose from the valley and mountain pass, so in many. The maximum number of drawings concentrated in the western suburbs of G. I's would be ATA, North Shore ounces. (A and B issyk KUL Lake District for energy-saving.),Pretty flat foothills on the playground. Small, has long to cut me. B. C and m in the territory, and beside the river.From the beginning of the boulder, p e c t are PI Phi alpha me m me extends to the inner city, and from the foothills of kappa alpha PI gamma von pgfla, a C and a few kilometers, along the foothills. The rocks of different configurations and different values, distributed in a large territory.Unfortunately, Mr. in airport construction. City Suburbanization from their society are a long ATA and in the area of rock, Part E, P C T are PI alpha Phi m overflow me me.This is due to its location and availability of location is already know, has attracted the attention of many researchers, the other half at the beginning of the second 19. In second the same half 20.In his Kyrgyzstan doctoral archaeologist. F. For my my saw Mr. While. Would be and its saw my Mr., an archaeologist. Ala Mutu ah. In. A die, and use has been E, e, C, K E M c k c t a researcher at the University of. To me, has been the scene of PI kappa alpha long etc..However, so far there are a set of E, C, t and C, don't get me on research and publication full of good reflection. A long PI are from drawings from the state and society. And you were in. The rattle of granite and T, from me, from the scene. Some had allus were energy-saving are from C 3 K E, C, C in structure from the scene,Coated with a layer of the desert's allus by me of the scene of tanning technology according to the different image.

: from mean and smooth plane surface of the stone to frequent and rare rough on uneven surfaces.The basic shape is C and X, from me to allus e but internal circuit and contour, often filled with rare Kong Duo; 3. To me, to me or the same kappa alpha corpus, are to me for me to studies. The image, are, from me, from the scene of the PI Phi PI albumose has long pgfla, energy-saving inverter line in C.A long story paintings are from the most you - from their kind: alpha, alpha, were encountered from the state, goats, horses, camels, bulldog; less, deer, wolf, O alpha, C C, etc.. Along with the hunting scene,Sue to the animal. In the state and society. Their most advanced studies. During the spring, allus E and pgfla from the composition, in the description of a flock of goats and dogs run around a few archers. And the shape of the predator.All of the image contour, from P. M e, from the society, the society's allus me. The goat, different 3. To me, to me the trunk kappa. From me and from the animal, kappa pronoun has angle, and slight twist. Dogs and other animal

, gives the image thinning,But for with my we saw I is solid. Archer describes shape is small. The image in the same array in a large size of reindeer in the vastness of the state and society. The system has, very close to the natural animal. These are two deer, patterningThe station in the vicinity of a continuous state near allus by me in the energy-saving from another inverter. Given in the form of small angle, on both sides of the line, and from a to and were slow to me.On the other side of the rock have great bull images of the same worse, but it can be identified, the shape of the reindeer. In the image of another vast state. The society has interesting and their chariots (?) .This is a straight out from me, from a long American by image forming two wheels. Here described the goat like charming appearance and personality may overlap, the image of the chariot.Rock me pgfla y p a long long series of PI are from ATA also has had from the order when the length of the bronze age, until the middle ages. The design of the oldest

, which belongs to the bronze age,Not so much, save the poor, so they are difficult to distribute in the whole campus of the drawings. They include some images of the bull,Compared with other monument style drawings of the Bronze Age rock art, and the little goat image, the implementation of a series of energy-saving technology albumose has their long pgfla, in a carnivorous animal, are, from me, from the scene of the phi pi,Famous by me, P E and von allus and had a similar style. The image has a PI in C allus - Tasha. Stratigraphic age large

belongs to your drawings are from long pi - early iron from society,The processing time of the territory. The kappa kappa c c c habitat von A and C kappa kappa Isaac from in hollow nomadic tribal alliance. Therefore, in this paper enough bright image, the unique style of energy-saving in C - C alpha Phi kappa kappa of C M C inverter.This is the outline of the image, a society has had me. M, P. M from state society had allus me goat and its development from the state in their reindeer pgfla M C x, y le me me from allus e drawings, goats, camels, deer, dog, wild boar and some carnivorous animal, and from archery.There is a unique image. From the alpha kappa alpha kappa me dagger, alpha kappa kappa C C C in the characteristics of the times. The main quality are e

p c t, PI phi and PI C long from me are from society - how you are me, me c c allus kappa kappa y and up, and many other monuments, and relates to an energy-saving society and to die from m a time.This is a typical image C alpha kappa kappa gamma C from a goat, some features still keep the style, but has more than C from me, a spring, a state from the society by allus. They often with their drawings or C. E me kappa energy-saving overlap in the same plane.Goat solitary or in pairs of images of multiple stones rattling, but the composition encountered and the goat had a aspiring m von Phi T Y P E allus me from the contact form, opposite person or animal hunting scene.Part of the image to its energy-saving, energy-saving, and delayed time and C M. This paper is mainly from the image by m e, C 3. From the first to the scene by allus shape of the goat, and the rider to ride a camel and caravan,,Some of the individual signs. The scene, m von energy-saving studies. 3 from allus were hunting and image.

rock very favorable from long PI are from society - you are different from other gas reservoir rock, first of all,Your m e c, C, C and C. C are albumose e e m from the scene of summer recreation area population activity. The city itself has has its slow to C