Практика промышленной политики Респ

Практика промышленной политики Республики Казахстан
Казахстан на протяжении последних лет проводил диверсификацию экономики путем проведения вертикальной (прямой) государственной промышленной политики. Политика реализовывалась через такие инструменты как стратегии и государственные программы. Так были разработаны и реализовывались Стратегия индустриально-инновационного развития на 2003-2015 годы, Программа «30 корпоративных лидеров Казахстана», государственная программа по форсированному индустриально-инновационному развитию Республики Казахстан на 2010 - 2014 годы. В настоящее время реализуется программа индустриально-инновационного развития Республики Казахстан на 2015-2019 годы.
С целью индустриально-инновационного развития были созданы Национальный фонд - для обеспечения устойчивости экономики, АО «ФНБ «Самрук-Казына», институты развития - призванные сопровождать процесс диверсификации.
Главной целью ГПФИИР на 2010-2014 годы была диверсификация и повышение конкурентоспособности экономики страны. При разработке Госпрограммы предполагалось, что усилия государства сконцентрируются на развитии таких секторов экономики, как:
- традиционные отрасли: нефтегазового сектора, горно-металлургического комплекса, атомной и химической промышленности с последующим переходом сырьевых производств на более высокие переделы;
- основанные на спросе недропользователей, национальных компаний и государства: машиностроение, стройиндустрия, фармацевтика;
- производства, не связанные с сырьевым сектором и ориентированные преимущественно на экспорт: агропромышленный комплекс, легкая промышленность, туризм;
- сектора "экономики будущего", которые будут играть доминирующую роль в мировой экономике в последующие 15-20 лет: информационные и коммуникационные технологии, биотехнологии, альтернативная энергетика, космическая деятельность.
В ходе реализации Госпрограммы были использованы различные инструменты прямой и косвенной поддержки промышленности: создание физической (транспортной, информационно-коммуникационной, энергетической) и социальной (для решения проблемы кадрового обеспечения) инфраструктуры, снижение административных барьеров, меры по техническому регулированию, различные виды субсидирования.
Несмотря на попытки диверсифицировать экономику в Казахстане за последние 4 года доля обрабатывающей промышленности в ВВП хоть и незначительно, но снижается (с 11,5% в 2010 году до 10,3% в 2014 году).
Среди причин, препятствовавших индустриальному развитию и диверсификации отраслей экономики Казахстана можно назвать симптомы «голландской болезни», когда ресурсы (инвестиционные и трудовые) перераспределяются в сырьевой сектор. На пике высоких цен на нефть это переток ресурсов был объясним.
Однако, за эти годы Казахстан значительно продвинулся по пути создания благоприятной деловой среды.
Сегодня перед Правительством поставлена задача по сокращению доли государственного сектора в экономике до уровня стран ОЭСР.
Проблема нехватки высококвалифицированной рабочей силы решается посредством реализации Государственной программы развития образования до 2020 г., где предусмотрена механизмы подготовка кадров по техническим специальностям, развитию дуального образования, связи образования, науки и производства.
В условиях новых реалий - замедления темпов роста экономики и эры низких цен на сырьевые ресурсы, актуализируется ускоренное развитие обрабатывающей промышленности, за счет переориентации факторов производства с сырьевых рынков.
При этом РК активно начинает использовать косвенные меры промышленной политики.
Наряду с увеличением объемов финансирования в развитие человеческого капитала, образования и науки, реализуется Программа инфраструктурного развития - «Нурлы Жол». В рамках данной программы предусмотрены механизмы создания эффективной транспортно-логистической инфраструктуры по «лучевому» принципу, инженерной и энергетической инфраструктуры, объектов социальной инфраструктуры, условий для развития малого и среднего бизнеса в регионах страны.
В стране проводятся масштабные институциональные преобразования для беспрепятственного притока качественных инвестиций в приоритетные сектора экономики.
В программе индустриально-инновационного развития Республики Казахстан на 2015-2019 годы основные акценты сделаны на отрасли, где могут быть построены цепочки добавленных стоимостей. Посредством применения новых технологий и инноваций РК планирует создавать новые отрасли, но также развивать новые производства на основе традиционных секторов экономики: нефтяная промышленность, металлургия и сельское хозяйство.
Важным моментом становится разработка механизмов эффективного взаимодействия крупных компаний, включая ТНК, и малого и среднего РК.

Результаты (английский) 1:

The practice of industrial policy of the Republic of KazakhstanKazakhstan in recent years pursued a diversification of the economy by conducting vertical (straight) the State industrial policy. The policy was implemented through tools such as policies and government programs. So were developed and implemented strategy of industrial-innovative development for 2003-2015 years, the program "30 corporate leaders of Kazakhstan", the State program of forced industrial-innovative development of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2010-2014 years. Currently the program of industrial-innovative development of the Republic of Kazakhstan by 2015-2019 years.For the purpose of industrial-innovative development of National Fund had been established to ensure the economic sustainability, Samruk-Kazyna, development institutes-to accompany the process of diversification.The main purpose of the 2010-2014 SPRIND was diversifying and increasing the competitiveness of the economy. When designing a State program, it was assumed that the State's efforts will focus on the development of such sectors as:-traditional industries: oil and gas, mining and metallurgical complex, Atomic and chemical industries and moving commodity production to higher corporate takeovers;based on the demand of subsoil users, national companies and States: engineering, construction, pharmaceuticals;-production, not commodity-related and focused mainly on exports: agriculture, light industry, tourism;-economy of the future ", which will play a dominant role in the world economy in the next 15-20 years: information and communication technologies, biotechnology, alternative energy, space activities.During the implementation of the State program has been used various tools of direct and indirect support industry: establishment of a physical (transport, information and communication, energy) and social (to solve the problem of staffing) infrastructure, the reduction of administrative barriers, technical regulation, different types of subsidies.Despite attempts to diversify the economy in Kazakhstan over the past 4 years, the share of manufacturing in GDP, though slightly, but decreased (from 11.5% in 2010 to 10.3% in 2014). Among the reasons hindering industrial development and diversification of the economy of Kazakhstan can be called "Dutch disease" symptoms, when resources (capital and labour) are redistributed in the commodity sector. At the peak of high oil prices is a flow of resources was understandable.However, over the years, Kazakhstan made significant progress towards creating an enabling business environment.Today the Government tasked to reduce the share of public sector in the economy to the level of the OECD countries.Highly skilled labour shortage is being addressed through the implementation of the State programme for the development of education until 2020, where mechanisms for training in technical disciplines, development of dual education, communications, education, science and industry.In the face of new realities, slowing economic growth and an era of low prices for raw materials, updated the accelerated development of the manufacturing industry, through the reorientation of production factors, with commodity markets.When the ROK actively begins using indirect measures of industrial policy.Along with the increase in funding in the development of human capital, education and science, infrastructure development programme-"nurly JOL. The programme contains mechanisms for establishing an efficient transport and logistics infrastructure to "beam" principle, engineering and energy infrastructure, social infrastructure, conditions for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in the regions of the country.There are large-scale institutional changes for smooth flow of quality investment in priority sectors of the economy.In the program of industrial-innovative development of the Republic of Kazakhstan on 2015-2019 years main accents are made on an industry where can be built a chain of values added. Through the use of new technologies and innovation of the REPUBLIC of KAZAKHSTAN plans to create new industries, but also to develop new production based on traditional sectors of the economy: oil industry, metallurgy and agriculture. The important point to devise mechanisms of effective interaction of large companies, including TNCs, and small and medium-sized RC.

Результаты (английский) 2:

Practice of Industrial Policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan in recent years to diversify the economy through vertical (straight) state industrial policy. The policy was implemented through tools such as policies and government programs. So it was developed and implemented strategy of industrial-innovative development for 2003-2015, the Program "30 Corporate Leaders of Kazakhstan" state program for accelerated industrial-innovative development of Kazakhstan for 2010 - 2014. Currently, a program of industrial-innovative development of Kazakhstan for 2015-2019 years.
For the purpose of industrial-innovative development were created by the National Fund - to ensure the sustainability of the economy, "NWF" Samruk-Kazyna ", the development institutions - designed to accompany the process of diversification.
The main purpose of SPAIID for 2010-2014 has been the diversification and competitiveness of the economy. In the development of the state program was assumed that the state's efforts will focus on the development of such sectors as:
- traditional industries: oil and gas, mining and metallurgical complex, nuclear and chemical industries with the subsequent transition of primary productions to higher added value;
- based on the demand of subsoil users, national companies and the state: engineering, construction industry, pharmaceuticals;
- production of non-commodity sector and focused mainly on the export of: agriculture, light industry and tourism;
- the sector "economy of the future", which will play a dominant role in the global economy in the next 15 -20 years: information and communication technology, biotechnology, alternative energy, space activities.
During the implementation of the state program have been used various tools of direct and indirect support of the industry: the creation of a physical (transport, information and communication, energy) and social (to solve the problem of staffing ) infrastructure, reducing administrative barriers, measures of technical regulation, various types of subsidies.
Despite attempts to diversify the economy in Kazakhstan over the past 4 years the share of manufacturing in GDP, though only slightly, but reduced (from 11.5% in 2010 to 10, 3% in 2014).
Among the reasons hindering industrial development and economic diversification in Kazakhstan can be called symptoms of "Dutch disease", when resources (investment and labor) are reallocated to the primary sector. At the peak of high oil prices is a flow of resources has been explained.
However, over the years, Kazakhstan has made ​​significant progress towards creating a favorable business environment.
Today, the government tasked to reduce the share of public sector in the economy to the level of the OECD countries.
The shortage of highly skilled labor is solved through the implementation of the State program of education development until 2020, which provides a mechanism for training in technical specialties, the development of dual education, communication, education, science and industry.
In the context of new realities - a slowdown in the economy and the era of low commodity prices, updated accelerated the development of processing industry, due to the reorientation of the factors of production to commodity markets.
At the same time Kazakhstan is actively starts using indirect measures of industrial policy.
Along with the increase in funding to the development of human capital, education and science, implementing a program of infrastructure development - "Nurly Jol". This program provides mechanisms for creating an efficient transport and logistics infrastructure, "ray" principle, engineering and energy infrastructure, social infrastructure, conditions for development of small and medium-sized businesses in the country.
The country has conducted large-scale institutional transformation for smooth flow of high-quality investment in priority sectors of the economy.
In the program of industrial-innovative development of Kazakhstan for 2015-2019 years, focuses on the industry, which can be built along the value chain. Through the use of new technologies and innovations of Kazakhstan plans to create a new industry, but also to develop new production based on the traditional sectors of the economy: the oil industry, metallurgy and agriculture.
The important point is the development of mechanisms for effective interaction between large companies, including transnational corporations, and small and medium Kazakhstan.

Результаты (английский) 3:

the practice of industrial policy of the republic of kazakhstan. kazakhstan in recent years has been the diversification of the economy through the vertical (right), the state industrial policies.policy achieved through such tools as a strategy and government programmes. it has developed and implemented the strategy of the innovative development in 2003 to 2015the 30 corporate leaders of kazakhstan, the state programme on an increased industrial and innovative development of the republic of kazakhstan at the 2010 - 2014.in the present programme industrial and innovative development of kazakhstan for the 2015 and 2019.
with a view to industrial and innovative development of national fund had been established to ensure the sustainability of the economy of "they" samruk - казына», development institutions - to accompany the process of diversification.the main purpose of гпфиир for 2010-2014 was diversification and competitiveness of the economy. in the design of the programme tothat the efforts of the state focus on the development of such sectors as:
- traditional industries: oil and gas sector, mining and metallurgical complex.the nuclear and chemical industries, with subsequent transfer of commodity production to higher переделы;
- based on the demand недропользователей, national companies and the state: mechanical engineeringстройиндустрия, pharmaceuticals;
- production, not related to the commodity sector and focused mainly on export, agro industry, light industry, tourism;
- the "economy of the future."