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Cat's cry syndrome»Cat's cry syndrome "(Ležena syndrome)-partial monosomy, a violation of the short arm of chromosome 5 (loss of 1/3 to 1/2 its length, less total loss of short arm). Cat's cry syndrome "is one of the rare chromosomal disorders in the population frequency 1:45 -50th. Infants with the syndrome of "cat's cry" marked predominance of girls over boys at a ratio of 4: 3. The disease was described in 1963, the French geneticist and pediatrician j. Leženom and author has been called the "Ležena" syndrome. However, in the literature for this pathology stuck a figurative name associated with the specific sign-cry babies, resembling a cat's cry.The reasons for Development of the syndrome of "cat's cry" is related to the loss of a portion of chromosome 5, and, hence, genetic information is stored on this site. In the 85-90% of cases, deletion of the short arm is formed as a result of a random mutation in 10-15% is inherited from parents who are carriers of a balanced translocation.The most frequent chromosomal aberrations are variants of cytogenetic, the loss of one-third or half the length of the short arm chromosome 5. A smaller loss or total shoulder occurs only rarely. The severity of the clinical picture of the cat's cry "is important, not the size of the lost fragment, and the absence of site specific chromosomes. So, with the loss of a small section of chromosome 5 p 15.2 develop all the clinical features of the syndrome, but the cat's cry; critical for occurrence of characteristic scream is the loss of the chromosome 5 p 15.3.Along with a simple deleciej, can meet other cytogenetic variation of "cat's scream: mosaic, ring chromosome 5 with deleciej site a short shoulder strap, reciproknaâ 5-shoulder short translocation chromosome to another chromosome.The immediate cause of mutations can be various damaging factors affecting parental germ cells or a Zygote (alcohol, smoking, drugs, ionizing radiation, drugs, chemicals, etc.). The likelihood of a child with the syndrome of "cat scream higher in families where the children were born with this disease.Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a rare hereditary disease associated with the violation of amino acids. Body is unable to break down human PKU amino acid phenylalanine, which comes with a protein food. As a result, in the tissues accumulate compounds poisoning the nervous system and the brain in particular. Develops mental retardation (maloumie), right down to the idiocy. The disease has received and another name-phenylpyruvic mental retardation.However, of all the hereditary disease phenylketonuria, the only thing that can neutralize. Today, a child born with PKU can grow perfectly healthy. Secure the baby's brain is through a special diet, which we will explain below.In different countries, the frequency of this disease is different at times. In Russia, one sick child is born at 10000. In some regions of the uk, this figure is twice-1: 5000. Children on the African continent does not have pku. Among patients, the number of girls is almost twice the number of boys.
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