Все мы отличаемся друг от друга по

Все мы отличаемся друг от друга по многим параметрам. Каждый из нас
имеет практически неповторимую комбинацию генов, которая случайным
образом складывается из генов наших родителей. Это истины очевидные, но
проблемы начинаются, когда мы переходим от генетического контроля над
анатомией и физиологией человека к роли наследственности в определении
умственных способностей, характера, поведения. Насколько гены определяют
наш интеллект (замечу, что общепринятого определения этому понятию нет),
и как мы различаемся по интеллекту? Что является мерилом?

Один из самых давних количественных параметров интеллекта является IQ -
коэффициент интеллектуальности, который измеряется по способности
быстрого решения очень несложных задач, не требующих предварительной
подготовки. Задачки для оценки IQ стали использовать еще в начале века и
поэтому удалось за столь долгое время сделать тест таким, чтобы он
измерял преимущественно врожденные способности и мало зависел от
приобретенных знаний и условий воспитания. Поэтому IQ практически не
меняется с восьмидесяти лет.

В случайной выборке из всей популяции (например, населения какой-то
страны) среднее значение IQ принимается за 100, а на крайние пять
процентов приходятся низкие значения (50-75) - это обычно умственно
отсталые люди, и верхние (120-150) - это высокоодаренные люди. Для
физиков-теоретиков, например, величина IQ равна 130. Конечно, все это
СРЕДНИЕ значения. Мальчик, имеющий IQ меньше, чем его одноклассник,
вовсе не обязательно будет хуже учиться, но вот уже на группу учеников
зависимость успехов в учебе от IQ будет распространяться.

Забавно, что последние данные свидетельствуют о том, что количество
баллов в тестах на IQ в развитых странах по сравнению с началом века
очень сильно увеличилось. Например, в Англии - на 27 баллов с 1942 года,
в США - на 24 балла с 1918 года. Сопоставимые результаты дают
исследования и в странах Западной Европы, Канаде, Японии, Израиле.

Результаты (английский) 1:

We all differ from each other in many ways. Each of ushas almost unique combination of genes that randomlyway consists of genes from our parents. This obvious truth, butproblems start when we move from the genetic control ofHuman Anatomy and physiology to the role of heredity in determiningmental abilities, character, behavior. How genes determine theour intelligence (I note that there is no universally accepted definition of the term),and how we differ on intelligence? What is the measure?One of the earliest quantitative intelligence is IQcoefficient of intellectuality that is measured by the ability ofquick solution very simple tasks that require no prereleasepreparation. Puzzles for IQ scores were used early in the 20th century andTherefore, succeeded in a long time to do the test so that hemeasured primarily innate abilities and little depended onthe acquired knowledge and education conditions. So almost no IQchanges from eighty years.In a random sample of the entire population (for example, the population of somethe country) mean value of IQ is 100, and extreme fiveper cent low values (50-75) are usually mentallyretarded people, and upper (120-150)-this is vysokoodarennye people. Fortheoretical physicists, for example, the value of IQ equals 130. Of course, all of thisAverage values. The boy, who has an IQ less than his classmate,not necessarily be worse to learn but have a group of studentsdependence of academic excellence from IQ will be distributed.Funny that recent evidence suggests that the number ofscores on IQ tests in developed countries compared with the beginning of the centuryvery strongly increased. For example, in England on 27 points from 1942 onwards,in the United States-on 24 points from 1918 onwards. Comparable results givestudies and in the countries of Western Europe, Canada, Japan and Israel.

Результаты (английский) 2:

We are all different from each other in many ways. Each of us
has an almost unique combination of genes that casual
way made ​​up of the genes of our parents. This truth is evident, but
the problems start when we turn on the genetic control of
human anatomy and physiology to the role of heredity in determining
intelligence, character and behavior. How genes determine
our intelligence (note that the generally accepted definition of this term is not),
and how we differ in intelligence? What is the yardstick? One of the most long-standing quantitative parameters of intelligence is IQ - intelligence quotient, which is measured by the ability of a quick solution is very simple tasks that do not require prior training. Objectives for the IQ scores began to be used at the beginning of the century, and so was able for so long to make the test so that it is measured largely innate ability and a little dependent on acquired knowledge and nurturing environment. Therefore IQ virtually no changes to eighty. In a random sample of the entire population (for example, the population of some countries) the average IQ is taken as 100, and the extreme-five percent fall low values ​​(50-75) - it is usually mentally retarded people and upper (120-150) - a highly gifted people. For theoretical physicists, for example, the value of IQ is 130. Of course, it all averages. Boy having IQ less than his classmate, is not necessarily worse than to study, but now for a group of students dependence academic success of IQ would be distributed. It's funny that recent evidence suggests that the number of points in IQ tests developed countries compared with the beginning of the century greatly increased. For example, in England - 27 points since 1942, in the US - by 24 points since 1918. Comparable results provide research and in Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Israel.

Результаты (английский) 3:

we are all different from each other in many respects. each of us is unique combination of
.
the genes that comprise the genes of our parents. the truth is obvious, but.the problems start when we go from the genetic control of human anatomy and physiology. the role of heredity in determining
mental abilities, character, behavior. how genes determine.our intelligence (note that a universally agreed definition of the concept of no),
and how we differ on the intel? what is the standard?

, one of the oldest quantitative parameters is iq - intelligence.the интеллектуальности, which is measured by the ability of rapid decision tasks very simple

do not require prior training. exercises to assess iq were used at the beginning of the century.however managed to get such a long time to do the test so that he
measured predominantly innate abilities and much depended on
the acquired knowledge and environment education. therefore, the iq is almost.changes of eighty years.

in a random sample of the entire population (for example, the population of some
country) the average iq is 100, and the five.per cent was low (50 - 75) is usually a
backward people, and upper (120, 150) is высокоодаренные people. for
theoretical physicists, for example, the iq is equal to 130. of course, all this
averages.boy with iq lower than his classmate,
will not necessarily be worse to learn, but there are a group of pupils. the dependence of academic excellence from the iq will be distributed.

.recent data indicate that the number of scores on iq tests. in developed countries, compared with the beginning of the century
very much increased. for example, in the uk on 27 points since 1942.in the united states by 24 points since 1918. comparable results
studies and in the countries of western europe, canada, japan, israel.