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Universal vessels can carry practically any types of cargoes, including refrigerated goods and liquids (in special tanks). However, most of them are designed to carry certain types of goods/Thus, liners are intended to carry general cargo, packaged cargo, containers, and also, in dependence of the route, special, liquid and refrigerated cargoes. Their deadweight2varies between 2,000 and 20,000 tons and the speeds between 10 and 22 knots.44 Tramps are designed, as a rule, to carry bulk cargoes and timber, but can also carry general cargo if necessary. These ships must be of sufficient size to carry a profitable cargo and must be able to cope with bad weather conditions in any ocean; they must not be too large to enter the smaller ports of the world; speed is necessary but it increases running costs3, so that a compromise between fuel consumption4and speed is desirable. The modern tramp travels at between 12 and 15 knots. Its deadweight varies between 2,000 and 10,000 tons.
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