What is science?A. Read the followi

What is science?

A. Read the following quotations about science and express your own opinion about science in general and about your field of science.

1) The origin of all science is in the desire to know causes; and the origin of all false science and imposture is in the desire to accept false causes rather than none; or, which is the same thing, in the unwillingness to acknowledge our own ignorance. (William Hazlitt from The Atlas)
2) Science sometimes builds new bridges between universes of discourse and experience hitherto regarded as separate and heterogeneous. But science also breaks down old bridges and opens gulfs between universes that, traditionally, had been connected. (Aldous Huxley from Literature and Science)
3) Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors. Together let us explore the stars, conquer the deserts, eradicate disease, tap the ocean depths and encourage the arts and commerce. (John F. Kennedy from Inaugural Address)
3) When we say "science" we can either mean any manipulation of the inventive and organizing power of the human intellect: or we can mean such an extremely different thing as the religion of science, the vulgarized derivative from this pure activity manipulated by a sort of priestcraft into a great religious and political weapon. (Wyndham Lewis from The Art of Being Ruled)
4) Science does not aim, primarily, at high probabilities. It aims at a high informative content, well backed by experience. But a hypothesis may be very probable simply because it tells us nothing, or very little. (Karl R. Popper from The Logic of Scientific Discovery)

B. Write down 5-10 sentences expressing your ideas about science.

C. Read the definitions of “science” and choose the one, which suits best to your ideas about science from exercise B.

No. Definition Source




1. 1) the systematic study of the nature and behaviour of the material and physical universe, based on observation, experiment, and measurement, and the formulation of laws to describe these facts in general terms
2) the knowledge so obtained or the practice of obtaining it 3) any particular branch of this knowledge the pure and applied sciences
4) any body of knowledge organized in a systematic manner
5) skill or technique
6) (archaic) knowledge



Collins English Dictionary, 8th Edition

2. any system of knowledge that is concerned with the physical world and its phenomena and that entails unbiased observations and systematic experimentation.
In general, a science involves a pursuit of knowledge covering general truths or the operations of fundamental laws.

Britannica

3. science is the study of the nature and behaviour of natural things and the knowledge that we obtain about them. Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner's English Dictionary, 4th edition

4. a branch of study in which facts are observed and classified, and, usually, quantitative laws are formulated and verified; involves the application of mathematical reasoning and data analysis to natural phenomena.
McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms





5. 1) a branch of knowledge conducted on objective principles involving the systematized observation of and experiment with phenomena, esp. concerned with the material and functions of the physical universe.
2) (a) systematic and formulated knowledge, esp. of a specified type or on a specified subject (political science).
(b) the pursuit or principles of this.
3) an organized body of knowledge on a subject (the science of philology).
4) skilful technique rather than strength or natural ability.
5) (archaic) knowledge of any kind.




Oxford English Reference

6. knowledge about the world, especially based on examination and testing, and on facts that can be proved Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, 3rd edition





D. Read the following text:

What is Science?

To understand what science is, just look around you. What do you see? Perhaps, your hand on the mouse, a computer screen, papers, ballpoint pens, the family cat, the sun shining through the window …. Science is, in one sense, our knowledge of all that — all the stuff that is in the universe: from the tiniest subatomic particles in a single atom of the metal in your computer's circuits, to the nuclear reactions that formed the immense ball of gas that is our sun, to the complex chemical interactions and electrical fluctuations within your own body that allow you to read and understand these words. But just as importantly, science is also a reliable process by which we learn about all that stuff in the universe. However, science is different from many other ways of learning because of the way it is done. Science relies on testing ideas with evidence gathered from the natural world. This website will help you learn more about science as a process of learning about the natural world and access the parts of science that affect your life.
Science helps satisfy the natural curiosity with which we are all born: why is the sky blue, how did the leopard get its spots, what is a solar eclipse? With science, we can answer such questions without resorting to magical explanations. And science can lead to technological advances, as well as helping us learn about enormously important and useful topics, such as our health, the environment, and natural hazards. Without science, the modern world would not be modern at all, and we still have much to learn. Millions of scientists all over the world are working to solve different parts of the puzzle of how the universe works, peering into its nooks and crannies, deploying their microscopes, telescopes, and other tools to unravel its secrets.
Science is complex and multi-faceted, but the most important characteristics of science are straightforward:
• Science focuses exclusively on the natural world, and does not deal with supernatural explanations.
• Science is a way of learning about what is in the natural world, how the natural world works, and how the natural world got to be the way it is. It is not simply a collection of facts; rather it is a path to understanding.
• Scientists work in many different ways, but all science relies on testing ideas by figuring out what expectations are generated by an idea and making observations to find out whether those expectations hold true.
• Accepted scientific ideas are reliable because they have been subjected to rigorous testing, but as new evidence is acquired and new perspectives emerge these ideas can be revised.
• Science is a community endeavor. It relies on a system of checks and balances, which helps ensure that science moves in the direction of greater accuracy and understanding. This system is facilitated by diversity within the scientific community, which offers a broad range of perspectives on scientific ideas.
To many, science may seem like an arcane, ivory-towered institution — but that impression is based on a misunderstanding of science. In fact:
• Science affects your life everyday in all sorts of different ways.
• Science can be fun and is accessible to everyone.
• You can apply an understanding of how science works to your everyday life.
• Anyone can become a scientist — of the amateur or professional variety.
The word "science" probably brings to mind many different pictures: a fat textbook, white lab coats and microscopes, an astronomer peering through a telescope, a naturalist in the rainforest, Einstein's equations scribbled on a chalkboard, the launch of the space shuttle, bubbling beakers …. All of those images reflect some aspect of science, but none of them provides a full picture because science has so many facets:
• Science is both a body of knowledge and a process. In school, science may sometimes seem like a collection of isolated and static facts listed in a textbook, but that's only a small part of the story. Just as importantly, science is also a process of discovery that allows us to link isolated facts into coherent and comprehensive understandings of the natural world.
• Science is exciting. Science is a way of discovering what's in the universe and how those things work today, how they worked in the past, and how they are likely to work in the future. Scientists are motivated by the thrill of seeing or figuring out something that no one has before.
• Science is useful. The knowledge generated by science is powerful and reliable. It can be used to develop new technologies, treat diseases, and deal with many other sorts of problems.
• Science is ongoing. Science is continually refining and expanding our knowledge of the universe, and as it does, it leads to new questions for future investigation. Science will never be “finished”.
• Science is a global human endeavor. People all over the world participate in the process of science.
(from Understanding Science: An Overview)

Результаты (русский) 1:

Что такое наука?А. Прочитайте следующие цитаты о науке и выразить свое собственное мнение о науке в целом и о вашей области науки.1) происхождение всех науки находится в желание знать причины; и происхождение всех ложной науки и обман в стремлении принять причины false вместо нет; или, что то же самое, в нежелании признать нашего собственного невежества. (William Хазлитт из атласа)2) Наука иногда строит новые мосты между дискурс о вселенных и опыт, до сих пор рассматривается как отдельный и гетерогенные. Но наука также ломает вниз старые мосты и открывает заливы между вселенных, которые традиционно были подключены. (Олдос Хаксли из литературы и науки)3) Пусть обе стороны стремятся вызвать чудеса науки вместо ее ужасы. Вместе давайте изучать звезды, завоевание пустыни, искоренения болезней, коснитесь глубины океана и поощрять искусство и коммерция. (Джон ф. Кеннеди из инаугурационной речи)3) когда мы говорим «наука» мы либо может означать любой манипуляции изобретательской и организации власти человеческого интеллекта: или мы может означать такой очень разные вещи, как религии, науки, говорящая производная от этого чистая активность, манипулируют своего рода наносил в большое религиозное и политическое оружие. (Уиндхем Льюис от искусства быть правили)4) наука не направлены, прежде всего, на высокой вероятности. Она направлена на информативным содержанием, хорошо подкреплены опытом. Но гипотеза может быть очень вероятно просто потому, что он говорит нам ничего или очень мало. (Карл Поппер р. от Логика научного открытия)Б. Записывайте 5-10 приговоров, выражая ваши идеи о науке.C. чтение определения «Наука» и выбрать тот, который подходит лучше всего для вашей идеи о науке от упражнения б.LOL Определение источника1. 1) систематическое изучение характера и поведения материала и физической вселенной, на основе наблюдения, эксперимент и измерения и разработки законов, чтобы описать эти факты в целом условия 2) таким образом полученные знания или практика получения 3) любой конкретной отрасли знания фундаментальных и прикладных наук 4) любой орган знаний, организованный на систематической основе 5) навыков или техника 6) (архаичные) знание Коллинз английский словарь, 8-е издание2. Любая система знаний, которая связана с физическим миром и его явления и что влечет за собой объективную замечания и систематические эксперименты. В целом наука включает в себя преследования знаний, охватывающих общие истины или операций фундаментальных законов. Британика3. Наука является изучение природы и поведения природных вещей и знания, которые мы получаем о них. Английский словарь Коллинз COBUILD Расширенный учащегося, 4-е издание4. филиал исследования, в котором факты наблюдается и классифицированы, и, как правило, количественные законы сформулированы и проверены; предусматривает применение математических рассуждений и данных анализа природных явлений. McGraw-Hill словарь научных и технических терминов5. 1) филиал знаний проведены по объективным принципам с участием систематизированы наблюдения и эксперимента с явлениями, esp. с материалом и функции физической вселенной. 2) (а) систематических и сформулировал знания, esp. заданного типа или на указанный субъект (политические науки). (b преследования или принципы этого. 3) организованной орган знаний по теме (науки филологии). 4) умелые техники, а не сила или природные способности. 5) (архаичные) знание любого рода. Оксфордский английский справочник6. знание о мире, особенно на основе изучения и тестирования и факты, которые могут быть доказаны Longman словарь современного английского, 3-е изданиеD. Прочитайте следующий текст:Что такое наука? To understand what science is, just look around you. What do you see? Perhaps, your hand on the mouse, a computer screen, papers, ballpoint pens, the family cat, the sun shining through the window …. Science is, in one sense, our knowledge of all that — all the stuff that is in the universe: from the tiniest subatomic particles in a single atom of the metal in your computer's circuits, to the nuclear reactions that formed the immense ball of gas that is our sun, to the complex chemical interactions and electrical fluctuations within your own body that allow you to read and understand these words. But just as importantly, science is also a reliable process by which we learn about all that stuff in the universe. However, science is different from many other ways of learning because of the way it is done. Science relies on testing ideas with evidence gathered from the natural world. This website will help you learn more about science as a process of learning about the natural world and access the parts of science that affect your life. Science helps satisfy the natural curiosity with which we are all born: why is the sky blue, how did the leopard get its spots, what is a solar eclipse? With science, we can answer such questions without resorting to magical explanations. And science can lead to technological advances, as well as helping us learn about enormously important and useful topics, such as our health, the environment, and natural hazards. Without science, the modern world would not be modern at all, and we still have much to learn. Millions of scientists all over the world are working to solve different parts of the puzzle of how the universe works, peering into its nooks and crannies, deploying their microscopes, telescopes, and other tools to unravel its secrets. Science is complex and multi-faceted, but the most important characteristics of science are straightforward: • Science focuses exclusively on the natural world, and does not deal with supernatural explanations. • Science is a way of learning about what is in the natural world, how the natural world works, and how the natural world got to be the way it is. It is not simply a collection of facts; rather it is a path to understanding. • Scientists work in many different ways, but all science relies on testing ideas by figuring out what expectations are generated by an idea and making observations to find out whether those expectations hold true. • Accepted scientific ideas are reliable because they have been subjected to rigorous testing, but as new evidence is acquired and new perspectives emerge these ideas can be revised. • Science is a community endeavor. It relies on a system of checks and balances, which helps ensure that science moves in the direction of greater accuracy and understanding. This system is facilitated by diversity within the scientific community, which offers a broad range of perspectives on scientific ideas. To many, science may seem like an arcane, ivory-towered institution — but that impression is based on a misunderstanding of science. In fact: • Science affects your life everyday in all sorts of different ways. • Science can be fun and is accessible to everyone. • You can apply an understanding of how science works to your everyday life. • Anyone can become a scientist — of the amateur or professional variety. The word "science" probably brings to mind many different pictures: a fat textbook, white lab coats and microscopes, an astronomer peering through a telescope, a naturalist in the rainforest, Einstein's equations scribbled on a chalkboard, the launch of the space shuttle, bubbling beakers …. All of those images reflect some aspect of science, but none of them provides a full picture because science has so many facets:• Science is both a body of knowledge and a process. In school, science may sometimes seem like a collection of isolated and static facts listed in a textbook, but that's only a small part of the story. Just as importantly, science is also a process of discovery that allows us to link isolated facts into coherent and comprehensive understandings of the natural world. • Science is exciting. Science is a way of discovering what's in the universe and how those things work today, how they worked in the past, and how they are likely to work in the future. Scientists are motivated by the thrill of seeing or figuring out something that no one has before. • Science is useful. The knowledge generated by science is powerful and reliable. It can be used to develop new technologies, treat diseases, and deal with many other sorts of problems. • Science is ongoing. Science is continually refining and expanding our knowledge of the universe, and as it does, it leads to new questions for future investigation. Science will never be “finished”. • Science is a global human endeavor. People all over the world participate in the process of science.(from Understanding Science: An Overview)

Результаты (русский) 3:

то, что наука?

A. прочтите следующие цитаты о науке и выражать собственное мнение о науке в целом, и о вашей области науки.

1) происхождения все науки является желание знать причины; и происхождения фальшивой науки и imposture является желание принять ложных причин, а не отсутствуют; или, который является одно и то же,в нежелании признать наше невежество.(уильям хэзлитт из атласа)
2) наука иногда строит мосты между вселенными дискурса и опыта до сих пор рассматривается в качестве отдельного и неоднородной.но наука также разрушает старые мосты и открывает различия между мирами, которые традиционно были связаны.(олдос хаксли из литературы и науки).3) - обе стороны стремятся использовать чудеса науки, а не его ужасы.давайте все вместе изучать звезды, покорять пустыню, искоренение болезней, использовать океанские глубины и поощрять искусства и коммерции.(джон ф. кеннеди из инаугурационной речи)
3), когда мы говорим "наука", мы можем либо означают любые манипуляции изобретательской и организаторские способности человеческого интеллекта:или мы можем сказать чрезвычайно разные вещи, как религия науки, vulgarized производные от этого чистая активность манипулируют вроде priestcraft в большую религиозного и политического оружия.(Wyndham льюис из искусство быть постановил)
4) наука не направлена, прежде всего, при высокой вероятности.он нацелен на высокий информационный контент, а подкреплена опытом.но гипотезу, может быть весьма вероятно, просто потому, что это ничего не говорит нам, или очень мало.(карл поппер, р. от логики научного открытия)

. запишите 5 - 10 приговоров, выражая свои идеи о науке.

с.: определения терминов "наука" и выбрать тот, который лучше подходит для вашей идеи о науке от упражнений в.

. определение источника




1.