Lesson 4. SOME BUILDING PROFESSIONS

Lesson 4. SOME BUILDING PROFESSIONS


1. Read and translate the text

Some Building Professions
A man, who has been an apprentice for some years in a building trade and has therefore enough skill * to be considered a skilled worker at his trade1, is called tradesman or craftsman.
He may be a carpenter-and-joiner, bricklayer, mason, *slater-and-tiler2, plumber, electrician, house painter, glazier, floor-and-wall tiler, plasterer, paper-hanger, steeplejack, *hot water fitter3 and so on.
Bricklayer is a tradesman who builds and repairs brickwork, lays and joints salt glazed stoneware drains, sets, chimney pots, manhole frames and fireplaces. He renders brickwork, including the insides of manholes: A sewer and tunnel bricklayer is a specialized brick-layer. In some districts of Greart Britain, bricklayers also fix wall and flooring tiles and slating and lay plaster and granolithic floors. But elsewhere these are plasterer's specialities.
Carpenter is a man who erects wood frames, fits joints, fixes wood floors, stairs and window frames, asbestos sheeting and other wall-board. He builds or dismantles wood or metal formwork. The two trades of carpenter and joiner were originally the same, and most men can do both, but specialize in one or the other. In the USA the term "carpenter" includes a joiner. The word is derived from the French word charpente, which means a wood or metal framework. Joiner is a man who makes joinery and works mainly at the bench on wood, which has been cut and shaped by the machinists. His work is finer than the carpenter's, much of it being highly finished and done in a joinery shop *which is not exposed to weather4.
In Scotland a joiner is a carpenter-and-joiner.
Mason is a stone worker or stone setter. In Scotland and the USA a bricklayer is usually also a mason. A fixer or a fixer mason or a builder mason is a mason who sets prepared stones in walls, whether the stone be only facing or to the full wall thickness. Plasterer is a tradesman who may be a fibrous plasterer or a plasterer in solid work. The latter lays successive coats of plaster or rendering and fixes fibrous plaster such as mould cornices and wall pattern. *He can use a horsed mould, erect lathing for plaster, and apply stucco5.
A construction manager, or CM, provides services similar to those of general constractor, but represents client's interest during all phases of the building process — design as well as construction. They are usually paid a negotiated fee for the scope of services rendered.
For example, working with the architect during design, the CM provides updated cost projections so that a client will know probable costs, which the project evolves. A general constractor, however, doesn't usually enter the scene until after the design is complete.
The CM decides who bids the job, picks up the request for invitation to bid, evaluates the bids, and awards work to the most reasonable bidder. The CM also prepares contracts and sends them out to the subcontractors. The owner signs the contracts with each subcontractor, unlike a general constractor who signs these contracts. As a result, the subcontractors are under the CM's direction.
The CM may also be responsible for the safety of workers on the construction site.

Результаты (украинский) 1:

Урок 4. ДЕЯКІ БУДІВЛІ ПРОФЕСІЙ1. Читайте і перекласти текстДеякі будівлі професійЧоловік, який був учнем протягом декількох років у будинку торгівлі і тому має досить навичок * вважатися кваліфікованого працівника в його trade1, називається торговець або майстром.Він може бути Карпентер і столяра, муляр, Мейсон, * Слейтер і tiler2 Сантехнік Електрик, маляра, Скляр, підлога і стіни особі, Штукатур, папір вішалки, верхолаз, * гарячої води fitter3 і так далі.Муляр торговець, хто будує і ремонт будівництво, закладає і суглобів сіль засклені керамограніт водостоки, множин, димар горщики, Люк кадрів і каміни. Він надає будівництво, включаючи нутрощі Люки: каналізаційні та тунель муляр є спеціалізовані Цегла шар. У деяких округах Greart Британії муляри також виправити стіни та підлога плитка та slating і закласти штукатурки і granolithic підлоги. Але в іншому місці в Штукатур спеціальностей.Carpenter is a man who erects wood frames, fits joints, fixes wood floors, stairs and window frames, asbestos sheeting and other wall-board. He builds or dismantles wood or metal formwork. The two trades of carpenter and joiner were originally the same, and most men can do both, but specialize in one or the other. In the USA the term "carpenter" includes a joiner. The word is derived from the French word charpente, which means a wood or metal framework. Joiner is a man who makes joinery and works mainly at the bench on wood, which has been cut and shaped by the machinists. His work is finer than the carpenter's, much of it being highly finished and done in a joinery shop *which is not exposed to weather4.In Scotland a joiner is a carpenter-and-joiner.Mason is a stone worker or stone setter. In Scotland and the USA a bricklayer is usually also a mason. A fixer or a fixer mason or a builder mason is a mason who sets prepared stones in walls, whether the stone be only facing or to the full wall thickness. Plasterer is a tradesman who may be a fibrous plasterer or a plasterer in solid work. The latter lays successive coats of plaster or rendering and fixes fibrous plaster such as mould cornices and wall pattern. *He can use a horsed mould, erect lathing for plaster, and apply stucco5.A construction manager, or CM, provides services similar to those of general constractor, but represents client's interest during all phases of the building process — design as well as construction. They are usually paid a negotiated fee for the scope of services rendered.For example, working with the architect during design, the CM provides updated cost projections so that a client will know probable costs, which the project evolves. A general constractor, however, doesn't usually enter the scene until after the design is complete.The CM decides who bids the job, picks up the request for invitation to bid, evaluates the bids, and awards work to the most reasonable bidder. The CM also prepares contracts and sends them out to the subcontractors. The owner signs the contracts with each subcontractor, unlike a general constractor who signs these contracts. As a result, the subcontractors are under the CM's direction.The CM may also be responsible for the safety of workers on the construction site.