The 1st-generation computer systems

The 1st-generation computer systems (beginning approximately in 1950) employed vacuum tubes as the primary switching component in the processor. Memories were constructed of liquid mercury delay lines or magnetic drums (BESM-1, MINSK-1, IBM 650 are examples).

The 2nd-generation systems began around the late 1950's and used transistors instead of vacuum tubes and memories were made of magnetizable cores (BESM-4 and 6, MINSK-32, M-220, IBM 1401 are examples). Size was reduced and reliability was improved significantly in the 2nd-generation systems. The 2nd generation was primarily a batch processing-environment with a single program running at one time.

The 3rd-generation computers beginning in the middle of 1960s introduced processors made of integrated circuits (ES-1033, -1045, M-6000, NAIRI-3, SM-3, IBM-360 and 370 are examples). The 3rd generation also introduced system software technologies like Operating Systems and Data Base Management Systems. On-line systems were widely developed throughout the 3rd generation, although most processing was still batch oriented

The 2nd-generation systems began around the late 1950's and used transistors instead of vacuum tubes and memories were made of magnetizable cores (BESM-4 and 6, MINSK-32, M-220, IBM 1401 are examples). Size was reduced and reliability was improved significantly in the 2nd-generation systems. The 2nd generation was primarily a batch processing-environment with a single program running at one time.

The 3rd-generation computers beginning in the middle of 1960s introduced processors made of integrated circuits (ES-1033, -1045, M-6000, NAIRI-3, SM-3, IBM-360 and 370 are examples). The 3rd generation also introduced system software technologies like Operating Systems and Data Base Management Systems. On-line systems were widely developed throughout the 3rd generation, although most processing was still batch oriented

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The 1st-generation computer systems (beginning approximately in 1950) employed vacuum tubes as the primary switching component in the processor. Memories were constructed of liquid mercury delay lines or magnetic drums (BESM-1, MINSK-1, IBM 650 are examples).The 2nd-generation systems began around the late 1950's and used transistors instead of vacuum tubes and memories were made of magnetizable cores (BESM-4 and 6, MINSK-32, M-220, IBM 1401 are examples). Size was reduced and reliability was improved significantly in the 2nd-generation systems. The 2nd generation was primarily a batch processing-environment with a single program running at one time.The 3rd-generation computers beginning in the middle of 1960s introduced processors made of integrated circuits (ES-1033, -1045, M-6000, NAIRI-3, SM-3, IBM-360 and 370 are examples). The 3rd generation also introduced system software technologies like Operating Systems and Data Base Management Systems. On-line systems were widely developed throughout the 3rd generation, although most processing was still batch oriented

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第一代计算机系统（开始约在1950）采用真空管作为主开关元件在处理器中。记忆是由液态的水银延迟线或磁鼓（besm-1，minsk-1，IBM 650的例子）。第二代系统始于1950年代后期和用晶体管代替真空管和回忆了磁心（besm-4和6，minsk-32，m-220，IBM 1401的例子）。在第二代系统中，尺寸减小，可靠性得到了显著提高。第二代主要是一个批量处理环境，一个单一的程序运行在一个时间。第三代计算机的开始年代引入处理器集成电路中（es-1033，- 1045，m-6000，nairi-3，SM-3，IBM-360和370的例子）。第三代还介绍了系统软件技术，如操作系统和数据库管理系统。在线系统被广泛开发的整个第三代，虽然大多数处理仍然是批量为导向

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