Abstract (up to 500 words);Использо

Abstract (up to 500 words);
Использование Северо-Западного региона для холодноводного рыболовства на базе естественного водоема Озера Велино Самолвовской волости Гдовского района Псковской области представляется перспективным. Озеро Велино, как и следующее за ним озеро Долгое, располагаются в долине реки Желчи, являются Памятником природы Псковской области. Озёра играют немаловажную роль в поддержании рыбного запаса Чудского водоема. Площадь озера Велино составляет 1,6 км2. Максимальная глубина озера отмечена вдоль реки Желчи и достигает 16,7 м, в 50 метрах от уреза берега характерен резкий свал глубин от 4 до 6 метров. Средняя глубина водоема составляет 5,7 м. Площадь водосбора озера составляет 1089 км2 с водообменном 25 – 26 раз в год, что способствует неустойчивости гидрохимического режима и изменчивости в течение года 2 – 3 раза таких показателей, как рН, минерализация, содержание органических и биоорганических веществ. Особенностью гидрологического режима озера является высокое содержание кислорода, не опускающееся ниже 8,6 мг/л даже в придонных слоях заливов. Разведение форелевых рыб в садках на базе озера Велино тесно связано с решением вопросов производства сбалансированных кормов. Корм для рыб семейства лососевых вырабатывают из более, чем 40 компонентов, и состоит, в основном, из белковой, жировой и углеводной фракций. Многие производители руководствуясь Директивой 2000/766/EС, запрещающей использование «животных протеинов» в виде мясной и костной муки в кормах для сельскохозяйственных животных, находящихся на откорме и предназначенных для производства пищевой продукции, заменяют в кормах белок животного происхождения на растительный, чаще всего – соевый шрот. Однако в случае использования корма на основе соевого шрота при выращивании рыбы кормовой коэффициент имеет низкий показатель. На основе анализа энергий связи в структурах коллагена на научной площадке Университета ИТМО были разработаны технологии переработки побочных продуктов мясо-, птице- и рыбных производств методом химического гидролиза в присутствии катализаторов микроконцентраций. Создание новых, выработанных на основе коллагенсодержащей, мышечной ткани или их композиций, белоксодержащих продуктов с необходимыми структурно-механическими, физико-химическими и функционально-технологическими свойствами со значительным содержанием наночастиц открывает широкие перспективы не только в пищевых, но и в комбикормовых производствах. Основным технологическим процессом в форелеводстве является кормление, в котором регулярный контроль качества кормовых смесей позволит получить экономический эффект при выращивании форели. При составлении рационов необходимо учитывать не только количественный состав белка, поскольку его недостаток задерживает рост рыбы, а избыток повышает энергетический обмен и приводит к непроизводительным тратам этого ценного продукта, но и качественный. Соотношение аминокислот в корме, изменяющееся с этапом развития рыбы, в случае приближения к идеальному белку, будет иметь высокую биологическую ценность. Для составления композиций корма лососевых рыб использовали гидролизаты и белковые ингредиенты, полученные их следующих побочных продуктов перерабатывающих производств: спилка гольевого говяжьего, мясокостные остатки птицы и рыбы, яичный белок (побочный продукт производства майонеза), яичная скорлупа и губчатые грибы, не используемые в производстве высококачественной быстрозамороженной продукции. Проведение гидролиза указанных продуктов и составление композиций из них позволит составить стартовые, продукционные и комбикормовые корма для кормления ранней молоди, товарной рыбы и производителей. Многофункциональная кормовая смесь включает не только необходимые для лососевых аминокислоты – аргинин, лизин, фенилаланин (в случае отсутствия тирозина), валин, лейцин, изолейцин, треонин, гистидин, метионин (в случае отсутствия цистеина), триптофан, но и минеральные вещества (кальций, фосфор, натрий). Перевариваемость белковых ингредиентов составляет от 92 до 98 %. Особенностью рыбных кормов является высокое значение белковых веществ и жира, которые составляют 46 и 20 % соответственно. Технология получения белковых ингредиентов позволяет получить жир из мясокостных остатков рыбы, включающий омега-3 жирные кислоты линоленовую, линолеву, арахидоновую, а также эйкозапентаеновая и докозагексаеновая кислоты. Создание корма для лососевых рыб считается одним из самых сложных в производственном отношении во всем животноводческом секторе из-за наличия большого содержания жира. Нами были разработаны полимерные биокомпозиты с различным содержанием пектиновых веществ, позволяющие удерживать жир в отформованных для питания форели гранулах. Таким образом, белоксодержащие композиты из новых продуктов и разработанная технология капсулирования позволили создать перспективный по составу и форме корм для выращивания лососевых рыб.

Результаты (английский) 1:

Abstract (up to 500 words);Use the Northwest region for holodnovodnogo fisheries on the basis of natural reservoir Lake Velino Samolvovskoj volost of Gdovskogo district, Pskov region seems promising. Lake Velino, as followed by Long Lake, located in the Valley of the river of bile, is a natural monument in the Pskov region. Lakes play an important role in maintaining National fishery reservoir. The area of the Lake Velino is 1.6 km2. The maximum depth of the Lake is marked along the river of bile and reaches 16.7 m, 50 meters from the shore line is characterized by dramatic ways from depths up to 6 m 4. The average depth of the pond is 5.7 m catchment area of the Lake is 1089 km2 with vodoobmennom 25-26 times a year, which contributes to instability and variability of hydrochemical regime during the year 2-3 times indicators such as pH, salinity, organic and bio-organic substances. Feature of the hydrological regime of the Lake is high oxygen content, not drop-down below the 8.6 mg/l even in the bottom layers of the bays. Breeding of trout fish in corfs based Lake Velino is closely linked to the balanced feed production issues. Fish food salmon family produce from more than 40 components, and consists mainly of protein, fat and carbohydrate fractions. Many manufacturers in accordance with Directive 2000/766/EC, banning the use of animal proteins in the form of meat and bone meal in feed for farm animals destined for fattening food production, replacing animal protein in feed on vegetation, usually soybean meal. However, in the case of feed based on soybean meal in farming fish fodder factor has a low figure. Based on the analysis of energies in the structures of collagen on the scientific site University ITMO were developed technologies for processing of by-products from meat-, poultry-, and fish production by chemical hydrolysis in the presence of catalysts of trace. Creating new, developed on the basis of kollagensoderžaŝej, muscle or their compositions, beloksoderžaŝih products with the necessary structural and mechanical, physico-chemical and technological properties and functional with a significant content of nanoparticles offers great prospects not only in food but also in feed production. Major process forelevodstve is feeding in which regular quality control of feed mixtures will yield economic benefits for growing trout. When formulating diets must take into account not only the quantitative composition of protein, because of its lack of retards the growth of the fish, and the surplus increases energy metabolism and leads to an inefficient waste of this valuable product, but also qualitative. The ratio of amino acids in the diet, changing to the stage of development of fish, in the case of approximation to the ideal protein will have high biological value. To compose songs feed salmonids used hydrolysates and protein ingredients, received them the following by-products processing industries: Spilka bovine beef, mâsokostnye remains of birds and fish, egg white (a by-product of the production of mayonnaise), egg shells and spongy mushrooms that are not used in the production of high quality bystrozafrozen products. The holding of the hydrolysis of these products and the compilation of songs of them will make a start, production and feed feed for feeding early juveniles, and fish producers. Multifunctional fodder mixture includes not only necessary for salmon amino acids-arginine, lysine, phenylalanine (in case of absence of tyrosine), valine, Leucine, isoleucine, threonine, Histidine, methionine (in case of lack of cysteine), tryptophan, but minerals (calcium, phosphorus, sodium). Digestibility of protein ingredients ranging from 92 to 98%. Feature of fish feed is high value proteins and fats, which account for 46 and 20%, respectively. Technology of obtaining protein ingredients allows you to get fat from fish residue mâsokostnyh that includes Omega-3 fatty acids linolenic, arachidonic, linolevu, as well as akozapentaenova and dokozagexaenova acids. Creating a feed for salmonids is considered one of the most complex in the industrial relation throughout the livestock sector due to the high fat content. We have developed polymer biokompozity with different content of pectins that allow you to retain fat in finished food to Trout Pellet. Thus, beloksoderžaŝie composites from new products and developed technology encapsulation to create a perspective on the composition and the form feed for growing salmonids.

Результаты (английский) 2:

Abstract (up to 500 words);
Using the Northwest region for the cold-water fisheries on the basis of the natural reservoir of Lake Velino Samolvovskoy parish Gdov district of the Pskov region is promising. Lake Velino, as well as following it long lake, located in the valley of Bile, is a natural monument of the Pskov region. The lakes play an important role in maintaining fish stocks Peipsi basin. The lake is 1.6 km2 Velino. The maximum depth of the lake is marked along the bile and reaches 16.7 meters, 50 meters from the shore is characterized by a sharp edge drop-off depth of 4 to 6 meters. The average depth of the lake is 5.7 m. The catchment area of the lake is 1089 km2 with a water exchange of 25 - 26 times per year, which contributes to instability and variability of the hydrochemical regime during the year 2 - 3 times indicators such as pH, salinity, organic and bio-organic content substances. A feature of the hydrological regime of the lake is the high content of oxygen does not fall below 8.6 mg / l even in the bottom layers of the bays. Cultivation of trout fish in cages in the lake Velino base is closely linked with questions of production of balanced feed. Food for fish of the salmon family are produced from more than 40 components, and consists essentially of protein, carbohydrate and fat fractions. Many manufacturers are guided by the Directive 2000/766 / EC, which prohibits the use of "animal protein" in the form of meat and bone meal in feed for farm animals which are fattening and intended for the manufacture of food products, is replaced in the feed animal protein to vegetable, most often - soybean meal. However, in the case of feed based on soybean meal in growing fish feed has a low coefficient. Based on analysis of the binding energies of the structures of collagen on a scientific platform Saint Petersburg State University of Information Technologies have been developed technology for processing by-products of meat, poultry and fish production by chemical hydrolysis in the presence of catalysts microconcentrations. Creating new, developed on the basis of collagen, muscle tissue, or their compositions, protein-containing products with the necessary structural and mechanical, physical, chemical and functional-technological properties with a high content of nanoparticles opens up broad prospects not only in food but also in the feed industries. The basic process is feeding in trout, which regularly monitored the quality of feed mixtures will yield economic benefits for growing trout. In compiling rations should take into account not only the quantitative composition of the protein, since its deficiency retards the growth of fish and the excess increases energy metabolism and leads to a waste of valuable product, but also quality. The ratio of amino acids in the feed, which varies with the stage of development of the fish, in the case approximation to a perfect protein will have a high biological value. To compose feed salmonids using hydrolysates and protein ingredients derived of these by-products processing industries: Spilka Gol'eva beef and bone remains of birds and fish, egg white (a byproduct of the production of mayonnaise), egg shells and sponge mushrooms are not used in the production of high-quality frozen foods. Hydrolysis of these products and the preparation of the compositions of them will enable a start, a production of feed and feed for feeding young fish, fish and commodity producers. Multifunctional feed mixture comprises not only required for salmon amino acid - arginine, lysine, phenylalanine (in the absence of tyrosine), valine, leucine, isoleucine, threonine, histidine, methionine (in the absence of cysteine), tryptophan, and minerals (calcium, phosphorus, sodium). The digestibility of protein ingredients is from 92 to 98%. A feature of fish feed is the high value of fat and proteins, which constitute 46% and 20 respectively. Technology for producing protein ingredients provides a fat from fish meat and bone residuals comprising omega-3 fatty acids linolenic, linoleic, arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid. Creating a feed of salmonids it is considered one of the most complex in terms of production throughout the livestock sector because of the high content of fat. We have developed polymer biocomposites with different content of pectin, allowing the fat to keep molded to supply trout pellets. Thus, protein-containing composites of new products and technology developed encapsulation allowed to create a perspective on the composition and the form of food for growing salmon.

Результаты (английский) 3:

摘要（最多为500字）；the use of the northwest region to холодноводного fisheries based on natural pond lake велино самолвовской parish гдовского district of pskov region appears to be promising.the lake велино, and next to him is a long lake, located in the valley of the river the bile, are natural monument of pskov region. lakes play an essential role in the maintenance of the stock чудского pond.велино lake area of 1.6 square kilometres. the maximum depth of the lake along the river and the bile is 16.7 m, 50 meters away from the coast is characterized by a sharp уреза свал depths of 4 to 6 meters.the average water depth is 5.7 m. catchments of the lake is 1080 km2 with водообменном 25 - 26 times a year.what contributes to the volatility of hydrochemical regime and climate variability during the year 2 - 3 times, such factors as ph, mineralization of organic and bio organic substances.the hydrological regime of the lake is high oxygen content, not sinks below 8.6 mg / l, even in the benthic layer of the bays.the breeding of fish in the lake форелевых садках велино closely connected with issues of balanced feed. feed for fish of salmon produce from more than 40 components, and ismainly from protein, fat and carbohydrates in the form of factions. many producers in directive 2000 / 766 / eu.prohibiting the use of "animals протеинов» in the form of meat and bone meal in feeds for farm animals in откорме and intended for the manufacture of food productsreplacing dietary protein of animal origin in vegetation, often is the soy meal.however, in the case of a diet based on soybean meal for breeding fish feed rate is low.based on the analysis of energy response in structures of collagen on the university scientific итмо were developed by the technology of processing by-products of the meat.bird and fish production by chemical hydrolysis in the presence of catalysts микроконцентраций. the creation of new developed on the basis of коллагенсодержащей, muscle tissue, or their compositions.белоксодержащих products with the necessary structural, mechanical,physicochemical and functional properties with high technological content is very broad prospects, not only for food, but the feed mills and factories.the basic technological process in the форелеводстве is feeding, in which the regular quality control of feed mixtures will provide the economic effect in the cultivation of trout.the rations must take into account not only the size of the protein, because its deficiency delays the growth of fishand surplus increases the energy exchange and leads to непроизводительным. this valuable product, but also the quality. the ratio of amino acids in feed, alternating with the development phase of fishin the case of approximation to the ideal one, will have high biological value. the compositions used гидролизаты salmon fish feed and protein ingredientsreceived their next by-products processing, спилка гольевого bacon, мясокостные of birds and fish, egg protein (a by-product of the production of mayonnaise)eggshell and губчатые mushrooms, not used in the production of high-quality быстрозамороженной products.the hydrolysis of the products and the compositions of them will be mounted, by social and feed mixing feed for feeding early juvenile fish, fish, and commodity producers.the кормовая mixture includes not only the necessary for salmonids amino acids, arginine, lysine, phenylalanine (in the absence of тирозина), valine, leucine, isoleucine, threonine, histidine,methionine (in the absence of цистеина), tryptophan, and minerals (calcium, phosphorus, sodium). перевариваемость protein ingredients ranged from 92 to 98%.особенностью рыбных кормов является высокое matter белковых веществ and jhiera, i составляют 46 and 20% соответственно.technology of protein ingredients enables the oil from the мясокостных of fish, including the omega - 3 fatty acid линоленовую, линолеву, арахидоновую,as well as eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid.the establishment of food for salmon fish is considered to be one of the most difficult in the production for all pastoral livestock sector because of the high content of fat.we have developed polymeric биокомпозиты with different content of пектиновых substances to retain grease in the отформованных trout for food grains. thus, theбелоксодержащие compounds of new products and the technology have led to the establishment of a капсулирования in composition and form the food for fish farming of salmon.