Озера являются существенным элемент

Озера являются существенным элементом многих современных и древних ландшафтных обстановок. Чувствительность к изменениям климата, разнообразие формирующихся осадочных фаций в вертикальном разрезе, высокая скорость седиментации позволяют считать озера одними из лучших архивов палеоклиматичекой информации последних тысячелетий по сравнению с морскими, океаническими осадками, лессами и ледяными кернами. В геологическом масштабе времени развитие озер происходит очень быстро. Уровень их вод, как правило, изменяется благодаря речному стоку и заполнению озерных впадин терригенными, хемогенными и биогенными осадками. Озерные отложения могут накапливать мощности в десятки и сотни метров, лишь крупные озера могут существовать миллионы лет. Основными факторами, определяющими осадконакопление в озерах, являются климатические условия, особенности окружающей среды, гидрологический и гидрохимический режим водоемов. Осадки слагают зерна различного происхождения, аутигенные зерна, сформированные в бассейне, привносимые в бассейн водными потоками и ветром, зерна космического и вулканического происхождения, пыль с других континентов, биологические остатки, антропогенные частицы и многое другое. Это позволяет с различной надежностью и точностью реконструировать различные факторы окружающей среды (климат, особенности биосферы, гидрологию, гидрогеологию, магнитное поле, антропогенное воздействие и т.д., вплоть до состава околоземной космической пыли...). Развитие современных физико-химических и молекулярно-биологических методов исследования вещества раскрывает огромные возможности реконструкции особенностей эволюции окружающей среды в прошлом. Актуальность исследований обусловлена тем, что палеогеофизические и палеоклиматические реконструкции последних тысячелетий крайне важны для понимания эволюции современного климата, оценки влияния антропогенных факторов на окружающую среду. Ежегодно в этом направлении публикуются тысячи статей, десятки групп в крупнейших научных центрах занимаются этими проблемами. В основе этих исследований лежат керны донных отложений современных озер, от качества которых зависит надежность получаемых результатов. Однако существующие сегодня в мире технологии не всегда позволяют получать керны, качество которых удовлетворяет современным требованиям. Сотрудники НИЛ «Палеомагнетизма и магнетизма» КФУ на протяжении 25 лет проводят исследования направленные на решение этих проблем. За это время созданы оборудование и методики сейсмоакустических исследований для реконструкции истории озер, определения непрерывности процесса осадконакопления, выявление интервалов с различными типами нарушений стратификации, определение газопроявлений, выбора мест отбора кернов, создан аппарат для ориентированного бурения (отбора) донных отложений не имеющий аналогов в мировой науке с точки зрения сохранности кернов, отсутствия деформаций мягких осадков, разработана серия пробоотборников образцов из керна для палеомагнитных и лабораторных исследований, получен опыт влияния транспортировки и условий хранения на свойства кернов и многое другое. Результаты подтверждены в более чем 85 публикациях по 19 озерам России (от Онеги до Байкала), Казахстана, Беларуси. В рамках данного проекта на примере исследования ряда озер расположенных в Центральном, Волго-Уральском регионах будут развиты известные и созданы новые методы исследования донных отложений современных озер. Планируется создать мобильную малогабаритную установку для сейсмоакустических исследований, позволяющую оперативно исследовать озера в труднодоступных регионах, а также за рубежом. Создать установку для определения термохалинной структуры водоемов, что очень важно для выбора мест отбора ненарушенных (не размытых в верхней части) колонок осадков. Усовершенствовать отборник кернов донных отложений, позволяющий отбор осадка в пластиковые или металлические немагнитные трубы для исследований керна в полевых условиях. При отборе длинных керновых колонок любыми известными керноотборниками можно с уверенностью утверждать о потере информации из верхних полужидких слоев, зачастую достигающих 30-50 см. Задачу о восстановлении архивов этой информации можно решить путем полного или частичного восстановления с использованием пробоотборников коротких кернов длиной до 60 см. В связи с этим планируется разработать методику отбора и сопоставления длинных (до 6 м) и коротких (до 0.6 м), отобранных близко друг от друга. Основой для корреляции в данном случае могут выступать литологические и магнитные особенности осадков, которые могут быть изучены с высоким разрешением в верхних частях разреза. Также планируется разработать эффективные технологии сохранения кернов в процессе транспортировки, а также в лабораторных условиях основанных. Предлагаем разработать новые методы анализа кернов для извлечения принципиально новой информации о параметрах окружающей среды. Это методы сепарации зерен различного происхождения (вулканогенные, космические, уникальные биогенные) для их изотопного анализа и получения информации о тонкостях некоторых природных процессов (климатических, гидрологических, астрофизических); методы рентгеновской томографии для исследования внутренней структуры осадков (микрослоистость, естественные нарушения структуры). Такие методики не имеют аналогов в мировой научной литературе.

Результаты (английский) 1:

The lakes are an essential element in many modern and ancient landscape environments. Sensitivity to climate change, a variety of emerging sedimentary facies in a vertical cut, high sedimentation rate suggest the Lake one of the best archives of information paleoklimatičekoj the past millennia compared to the sea, oceanic sediments, lessami and ice kernami. In the geological time scale development of Lakes occurs very quickly. The level of their waters, usually changes due to river discharge and Lake filling depressions, and biogenic hemogennymi terrigenous sediments. Lacustrine deposits can accumulate the power of tens or hundreds of meters, only large lakes there may be millions of years old. The main determinants of sedimentation in lakes are climatic conditions, especially environmental, hydrological and hydrochemical regime of reservoirs. Precipitation compose grains of different origin, autigennye grain, formed in the basin, introduced into pool water currents and wind, grain space and volcanic dust from other continents, biological residues, man-made particles, and much more. This allows varying reliability and accuracy to reconstruct various environmental factors (climate, especially the biosphere, hydrology, hydrogeology, magnetic field, human impact and so on, until the whole Earth space dust ...). The development of modern physico-chemical and molecular biology research methods of substance opens huge opportunities for reconstruction of the evolution of the characteristics of the environment in the past. Relevance of research due to the fact that paleogeofizičeskie and paleoclimate reconstruction of past millennia are extremely important for understanding the evolution of modern climate, assessing the impact of human activity on the environment. Annually in this direction published thousands of articles, dozens of groups in the major scientific centers deal with these problems. These studies underpin the sediment cores of modern lakes, the quality of which depends on the reliability of the results. However, existing today in the world of technology is not always possible to obtain core samples, the quality of which meets modern requirements. Officers NEIL "Paleomagnetism and magnetism» FIS over 25 years conducting research aimed at addressing those problems. During this time created the equipment and techniques of seismic research for the reconstruction of the history of the Lakes, the definition of continuity of sedimentation, identifying intervals with different types of violations of stratification, gazoproâvlenij definition, selection of offtake cores created apparatus for oriented drilling (selection) sediments is unparalleled in MIWorld Science from the point of view of safety of cores, the absence of deformation of soft sediments, a series of core samples from the sampling for paleomagnetic and laboratory studies obtained experience of the impact of transport and storage conditions on the properties of cores and more. The results have been confirmed in more than 85 publications on 19 lakes in Russia (from Russia to Baikal), Kazakhstan, and Belarus. Under this project, based on the example of research by a number of lakes located in Central, Volga-Urals regions known and developed new methods for the study of modern sediments of Lakes. It is planned to create a mobile mini installation for seismic studies expeditiously explore Lake in remote regions, as well as abroad. Create an installation to determine Ocean thermohaline structure of water, which is very important to select the offtake of undisturbed (not blurry at the top) columns. Improve long grain sediment cores, allowing selection of draught in plastic or metallic non-magnetic tubes for core studies in the field. When selecting long core columns any known kernootbornikami you can say with certainty about the loss of information from the upper layers, often reaching semi-liquid 30-50 cm. The task of restoring archives this information you can decide by complete or partial recovery using samplers short cores to a length of up to 60 cm. In this regard, it is planned to develop a methodology for selecting and matching long (up to 6 m) and short (up to 0.6 m) sampled close to each other. The basis for the correlation in this case may make lithological and magnetic features of sediment that can be studied with high resolution in the upper parts of the cut. It is also planned to develop effective conservation technology cores during transportation, as well as in the laboratory based. We offer to develop new analysis techniques to extract cores of brand new information about the parameters of the environment. This separation methods of grains of different origin (vulkanogennye, space, unique biogenic) for their isotopic analysis and obtain information about the intricacies of certain natural processes (climatic, hydrological, ASTRO); x-ray imaging techniques to study the internal structure of rainfall (mikrosloistost′, natural disturbance). Such techniques have no analogues in the world literature.

Результаты (английский) 2:

The lakes are an essential element of many modern and ancient landscape conditions. Sensitivity to climate change, a variety of emerging sedimentary facies in vertical section, a high rate of sedimentation of the lake suggest some of the best archives paleoklimatichekoy information last millennia than marine, ocean sediments, loess and ice cores. The geological time scale development of the lakes is very fast. The level of water usually varies due to runoff and filling of lake depressions terrigenous chemogenic and biogenic sediments. Lacustrine deposits may accumulate the power of tens or hundreds of meters, a large lake there may be millions of years old. The main factors determining the sedimentation in lakes, are climatic conditions, especially environmental, hydrological and hydro-chemical regime of water bodies. Precipitation compose grains of different origin, authigenic grains formed in the pool brought into the pool water currents and wind, cosmic grains and volcanic dust from other continents, biological residues, anthropogenic particles and more. This allows different reliability and accuracy to reconstruct the various environmental factors (climate, especially the biosphere, hydrology, hydrogeology, magnetic field, anthropogenic impact and so on, until the composition of near-Earth space dust ...). The development of modern physico-chemical and molecular-biological methods of research material reveals a huge opportunity for Reconstruction features of the evolution of the environment in the past. The relevance of research due to the fact that paleogeofizicheskie and paleoclimatic reconstruction of the past thousand years are extremely important for understanding the evolution of modern climate, assessing the impact of anthropogenic factors on the environment. Every year in this regard published thousands of articles, dozens of groups in the largest scientific centers dealing with these problems. The basis of these studies are the cores of sediments of modern lakes, the quality of which depends on the reliability of the results. However, the existing technology in the world today is not always possible to obtain cores, the quality of which meets modern requirements. Staff NIL "Paleomagnetism and magnetism" CFI for 25 years conducting research aimed at solving these problems. During this time, set up the equipment and techniques of seismic acoustic studies for the reconstruction of the history of lakes, determining the continuity of the process of sedimentation, identification of intervals with different types of violations of stratification, determination of gas shows, the choice of places coring, designed apparatus for focused drilling (selection) sediment has no analogues in the world science from the standpoint of the safety of core, no deformation of soft sediments, developed a series of core samples from the samplers for paleomagnetic and laboratory studies, gain experience, and the impact of transport storage conditions on the properties of cores and more. The results are confirmed in more than 85 publications on 19 lakes of Russia (from Onega to Lake Baikal), Kazakhstan, Belarus. The project studies the example of a number of lakes located in the Central, Volga-Ural region will be developed and made known to new methods of study of sediments of modern lakes. It is planned to create a small-sized mobile unit for seismic acoustic studies to explore the lake quickly in remote regions as well as abroad. Create the installation to determine the thermohaline structure of waters, it is very important to select a sampling of undisturbed places (not blurred at the top) column precipitation. To improve core sampler sediment sludge allows selection in a plastic or non-magnetic metal pipe core studies in the field. The selection of long columns of core by any known corer can say with certainty about the loss of information from the upper layers of semi-liquid, often reaching 30-50 cm. The task of restoring the archives of this information can be solved by complete or partial recovery with the use of samplers short core length of 60 cm. In this regard, it is planned to develop a technique of selecting and comparing long (up to 6 m) and short (0.6 m) selected close to each other. The basis for the correlation in this case may act lithological and magnetic characteristics of sediment that can be studied with high resolution in the upper section. It is also planned to develop effective conservation core technology in transport, as well as in the laboratory based. We offer the development of new analysis methods to extract core samples fundamentally new information about the parameters of the environment. This method of separation of grains of different origin (volcanic, space, unique biogenic) for their isotopic analysis and obtaining information about the intricacies of some natural processes (climate, water, astrophysics); X-ray tomography to study the internal structure of precipitation (microlamination, natural disturbances structure). Such techniques are unique in the world scientific literature.

Результаты (английский) 3:

the lake is a significant part of many modern and ancient landscape обстановок. the sensitivity to climate change, a variety of emerging these sediments in the vertical cross-section.high speed sedimentation are considered among the best палеоклиматичекой lake archives information in recent years compared with the sea, ocean sediments, лессами and ice кернами.in the geological time scale development of lakes is very quick. the level of their waters, generally varies with the river flow and the filling of lake edge терригенными, хемогенными and biogenic sediments.lake sediment can accumulate the power of tens and hundreds of meters, a large lake, there may be millions of years old. the main determinants of осадконакопление in lakes.are the climatic conditions, the characteristics of the environment, water and гидрохимический treatment ponds. precipitation except grains from different origin, аутигенные grains formed in the caribbeanintroduced into the pool of water flow and wind, the grain outer and volcanic dust from other continents, biological residue, anthropogenic particles and much more.this allows different reliability and accuracy to reconstruct various environmental factors (climate, characteristics of the biosphere, hydrology, geology, magnetic field, human impact, etc.until the whole earth cosmic dust).the development of modern physical and chemical and molecular biological methods to study opens up enormous opportunities for reconstruction of the evolution of the chemical environment in the past.the relevance of research is due to the fact that палеогеофизические and палеоклиматические reconstruction of recent years are extremely important for understanding evolution of modern climateevaluation of the influence of man-made factors on the environment. every year in this area published thousands of articles, dozens of groups in the major centers of science in addressing these issues.in the basis of the research on the core sediments of lakes, the quality of which depends on the reliability of the obtained results.however, existing in today's world, technology is not always possible to obtain core, the quality of which meets the current requirements.the neal "палеомагнетизма and magnetism кфу for 25 years conducted studies aimed at addressing these problems.during this time, set up equipment and methods сейсмоакустических studies to reconstruct the history of lakes, the continuity of the process of accumulation rates.identification of intervals with different kinds of stratification, the definition of газопроявлений choice places the selection of coresa machine for drilling (selection) based sediment which has no analogues in the world of science from the perspective of the intact cores of deformations of soft sediments.a series of samples from the core to палеомагнитных samplers and laboratory studies obtained experience influence the transportation and storage conditions on the properties of cores and much more.the results confirmed in more than 85 publications on 19 lakes, russia (from the онеги baikal), kazakhstan, belarus. the project to study a number of lakes located in the centralvolga ural regions are known and established new research methods of modern lake sediments. it is planned to establish a mobile малогабаритную installation for сейсмоакустических studiesto rapidly explore lakes in remote regions, as well as abroad. an installation for determining the термохалинной structure reservoirsthat is very important for the choice of sampling undisturbed (no i in the upper part of the columns (precipitation). to improve the отборник cores of sediment.to enable the selection of sludge in a plastic or metal core немагнитные pipes for research in the field.in the selection of the long керновых columns by well-known керноотборниками can be said with certainty about the loss of information of the upper semi fluid layers, often reaching 30 to 50 cm.the task of rebuilding the archives this information can be solved by full or partial reconstruction using samplers short cores of up to 60 cm.in this regard, it is planned to develop the methodology for the selection and comparison of long (6 m) and short (up to 0.6 m) sampled close to each other.the basis for the correlations in this case may be литологические and magnetic characteristics of sediments, which could be studied with high resolution in the upper parts of the transect.it is also planned to develop a effective technology of cores in the process of transportation, as well as in the laboratory based.we develop new methods of analysis to extract a fundamentally new information about the parameters of the environment. the methods of separation of grains of different origin (вулканогенные, spaceunique biogenic) for изотопного analysis and obtain information about the intricacies of some natural processes (climatic, hydrological, astrophysical);methods x-ray tomography to study the internal structure of precipitation (микрослоистость, natural disturbance structure). such techniques are unique in the world of scientific literature.