Древняя цивилизацияНеизвестная древ

Древняя цивилизация
Неизвестная древняя цивилизация на дне Иссык-Куля
Дно Иссык-КуляОдной из археологических сенсаций уходящего года является открытие на дне высокогорного озера Иссык-Куль (Киргизия) неизвестной древней цивилизации, существовавшей 2,5 тысячи лет назад. Это стало возможным в результате настойчивого поиска, который вела международная Иссык-Кульская археологическая экспедиция Киргизско-Российского славянского университета, работавшая под руководством вице-президента Академии наук Киргизии Владимира Плоских. «Наш успех был бы невозможен без участия аквалангистов Российской конфедерации подводной деятельности», – заявил он по завершении экспедиции. Как подчеркнул ученый, результаты этого года особые, они дают основание говорить о том, что у иссыккульских берегов в ту давнюю пору жили не кочевники – здесь существовала развитая цивилизация оседлого типа.

«Мы работали на глубине от 5 до 10 метров у северного побережья озера и нашли под водой огромные стены, длиной примерно в пол-километра. Это – признак большого города, площадь которого могла составлять несколько квадратных километров, масштаб по тем временам масштаб колоссальный, – рассказал руководитель подводной экспедицией член Научного комитета Конфедерации подводной деятельности России Николай Лукашов. Стены сложены из камня, покрытого многовековым слоем известняка. Пока не удалось оконтурить весь город, он нанесен на карту приблизительно, поскольку часть стен осыпалась и была занесена песком».

Исследователи уточнили карты и схемы затопленных поселений, отдельных зданий и скоплений предметов, представляющих историческую ценность. По словам Николая Лукашова, аквалангисты обнаружили на дне озера размытые волнами курганы, в которых хоронили скифов. Были найдены прекрасно сохранившиеся предметы сакского (скифского) периода, в том числе бронзовые топорики и наконечники, самозатачивающиеся кинжалы акинаки. «Нам посчастливилось, – подчеркнул Лукашов, – обнаружить мастерскую по обработке руды, обломки бронзового производства, различные отливки, целую пирамиду рудотерок, а также золотой округлый усеченный штырь весом в 70 граммов». Считается, что этот золотой предмет по форме напоминает первозданные древнерусские «рубли», служившие некогда деньгами.

Николай Лукашов рассказал и о том, что близ курортного поселка Чолпон-Ата, в прибрежной части дна, аквалангисты обнаружили также странные травяные круги диаметром 15-20 метров. Что это, сказать точно пока невозможно. Как предполагает сотрудник Российской академии наук историк Светлана Лукашова, кругообразная травяная «лужайка» могла произрасти на органических остатках животного происхождения, возможно, в этом месте был караван-сарай, имевший конюшню».

Иссык-Куль — бессточное солоноватое озеро, расположенное в Тянь-Шаньских горах на высоте 1608 метров. Его глубина в центре озерной чаши достигает 700 метров. За свою историю Иссык-Куль много раз повышал и понижал свой уровень за счет различных природных факторов. Локальные участки берегов многократно подвергались явлению тектонического опускания, увлекая за собой под воду человеческие поселения.

Иссык-Куль славится очень чистой водой. Его издревле считали священным, однако местные жители никогда не купались в озере, испуганные сказаниями о неком чудовище, живущем в глубинах. Считалось, что оно уносит под воду тех, кто осмеливается войти в воду. Возможно, это поверье во многом объясняет тот факт, почему на протяжении тысячелетий не проявляли свою активность добытчики подводных сокровищ.

Исследование побережий и акватории Иссык-Куля первыми начали русские ученые, в XIX веке. Одним из них был знаменитый Николай Пржевальский, похороненный, согласно завещанию, на берегу озера. Историков, археологов интересовал, главным образом, легендарный дворец Великого Тимура, стоявший, как рассказывали хроники, на берегу Иссык-Куля и загадочно исчезнувший.

Искали также некогда затопленный монастырь братьев армянских, удалось даже найти множество каменных крестов (ныне находятся в Эрмитаже). Как пояснила Светлана Лукашова, на этой центральноазиатской территории в древности каждые 2 века менялась этническая группа. В раннехристианский период здесь находилась мигрирующая группа армян. Это выяснилось, когда вскрывали старое кладбище в предместьях Бишкека. На одной из древних могил была обнаружена надпись на армянском языке, где упоминался пресвитер. Значит – было духовенство, был епископ.

То, что армянский монастырь существовал, подтверждает Каталанский географический каталог, изданный в 1380 году. В нем была помещена карта мира, Азии и, что удивительно, очень правильно изображено озеро Иссык-Куль – вытянутой формы, в правильном расположении. Около озера схематически пририсован монастырь. На каталанском языке сказано, что место это – «Иссикуль», на берегах которого находится монастырь братьев армянских, в коем есть мощи Святого Матфея, апостола и евангелиста. Откуда появились эти сведения у испанцев, неясно.

По преданию, почившего на эфиопской земле евангелиста Матфея поместили в серебряную раку. «Согласно «благочестивой традиции», мощи святого могли быть разделены и разошлись по всему миру, попав в том числе и в армянский монастырь на Иссык-Куле. Но, вполне возможно, что и вся рака с мощами Матфея могла оказаться в этом монастыре, – полагает Светлана Лукашова. – Однако доказать это можно будет только тогда, когда рака найдется. Подводные исследования дают такую надежду».
Археологический материал, найденный россий

Результаты (английский) 1:

Ancient civilizationUnknown ancient civilization at the bottom of the LakeBottom of the Issyk-KulâOdnoj of the archaeological sensations of the year is the opening at the bottom of the high-mountain lake Issyk-Kul (Kyrgyzstan) by an ancient civilization that existed 2.5 thousand years ago. This became possible as a result of persistent search which led international Issyk-Kul archeological expedition of the Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University, working under the guidance of the Vice President of the Academy of Sciences of Kyrgyzstan Vladimir Ploskikh. Our success would not have been possible without the participation of divers of the Russian Confederation of underwater activities, "he said at the conclusion of the expedition. As a scientist, the results of this year's special, they give reason to say that the issykkul′skih coast in the long time lived not nomads-here there was a developed civilization settled type."We were working at a depth of 5 to 10 meters off the North coast of the Lake and found a huge underwater wall, approximately half a mile. It is a sign of a big city, which could be a few square kilometers, the scale for the time scale is enormous, "said the head of the submarine expedition member of the Scientific Committee of the Confederation of underwater activities of Russia Nikolai Lukashov. The walls are made of stone, covered with centuries-old layer of limestone. Have not been able to understand the whole city, it is marked on the map around, because some of the walls crumbled down and has been named on the sand. "The researchers said the card schemes and flooded villages, individual buildings and clusters of items of historical value. According to Nikolai Lukashova, divers found on the lake bottom blurry waves of mounds, which buried the Scythians. Were found well-preserved items of Saka (Scythian) period, including bronze axes and arrowheads, self-sharpening daggers akinakes. "We were fortunate to, said lukashov-discover the ore-processing workshop, fragments of bronze production, different casting, a pyramid of rudoterok, as well as the gold rounded truncated pin weighing 70 grams". It is believed that this gold piece is shaped like a pristine old Russian rubles ", which was once the money.Nikolay Lukashov told and that near the resort of Cholpon-Ata, in the coastal area of seabed, divers discovered the strange herbal circles with a diameter of 15-20 meters. That is, it is not yet possible to say for sure. As a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, suggests the historian Svetlana Lukashova, krugoobraznaâ herbal "lawn" to proizrasti the organic residues of animal origin, it may, in this place was a caravanserai, which was stable.Issyk Kul is an endorheic endorheic Lake located in the Tien-Shan mountains at an elevation of 1608 feet. The depth of the Lake in the center of the bowl reaches 700 meters. During its history the Issyk Kul Lake many times increased and decreased its level by various environmental factors. Local sections of the coast are repeatedly subjected to the phenomenon of tectonic subsidence, dragging an under water, human settlements.Issyk-Kul is famous for its very clean water. It has been considered sacred, but local residents have never swam in the Lake, the frightened legends about some monster living in the depths. It was thought that it carries out under water, those who dare to enter the water. Perhaps this belief largely explains why for thousands of years have not been active miners underwater treasures.Study of the coasts and waters of the Lake first began to Russian scientists in the 19th century. One of them was the famous Nikolai Przewalski, buried, according to his will, on the shore of the Lake. Historians, archaeologists were interested, mainly, the legendary Palace of the great Timur, who, as told on the Chronicles of Issyk-Kul and mysteriously disappeared.Looking for a once-flooded the monastery brothers of Armenian, was able to even find many stone crosses (now in the Hermitage). Svetlana Lukashova, explained on this Central Asian territory in ancient times every 2 century changed the ethnic group. In the early Christian period there was NIMBY group of Armenians. This is revealed when dissecting the old cemetery on the outskirts of Bishkek. On one of the ancient tombs has been found an inscription in Armenian language, which referred to the elder. Thus, there was priesthood, was Bishop.The monastery existed, confirms the Catalan geography catalogue, published in the year 1380. It was a map of the world, Asia and, surprisingly, very correctly depicts Issyk Kul Lake-elongated shape, in the right location. Near the Lake is pririsovan monastery. In Catalan said that the place is "Issikul′", on the banks of the monastery of the brothers of the Armenian, means there are the relics of St. Matthew, Apostle and evangelist. Where this information is from the Spaniards, is unclear.According to legend, the late on Ethiopian soil evangelist Matthew was placed in a silver shrine. According to "the pious tradition, the relics of the Saint can be divided and dispersed around the world, hitting the Armenian monastery in Issyk-Kul. But, it is quite possible that all the cancer with the relics of St. Matthew could have in this monastery, "said Svetlana Lukashova. But to prove it can be only when there is cancer. Underwater Research gives such hope. "Archaeological material found in Russian

Результаты (английский) 3:

The ancient civilization
unknown ancient civilization in the bottom of a kappa
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