Microprocessors are essential to ma

Microprocessors are essential to many of the products we use every day such as TVs, cars, radios, home appliances and of course, computers. Transistors are the main components of microproces­ sors. At their most basic level, transistors may seem simple. But their development actually required many years of thorough research. Be­ fore transistors, computers relied on slow, inefficient vacuum tubes and mechanical switches to process information. In 1958, engineers put two transistors onto a silicon crystal and created the first inte­ grated circuit that led to the microprocessor. Here on a tiny silicon chip there are millions of switches and pathways that help computers
make important decisions and perform helpful tasks.
Transistors are miniature electronic switches. They are the building blocks of the microprocessor which is the brain of the
computer. Similar to a basic light switch, transistors have two oper­ ating positions, on and off. This on/off function enables the pro­ cessing of information in a computer.
The only information computers understand are electrical sig­ nals that are switched on and off. To understand how transistors work, it is necessary to have an understanding of how a switched electronic circuit works. Switched electronic circuits consist of sev­ eral parts. One is the circuit pathway where the electrical current flows — typically through a wire. Another is the switch, a device that starts and stops the flow of electrical current by either com­ pleting or breaking the circuit’s pathway. Transistors have no mov­ ing parts and are turned on and off by electrical signals. The on/off switching of transistors facilitates the work performed by micropro­ cessors.
Something that has only two states, like a transistor, can be re­ ferred to as binary. The transistor’s «on» state is represented by a 1 and the «off» state is represented by a 0. Specific sequences and patterns of l’s and 0’s generated by multiple transistors can repre­ sent letters, numbers, colours and graphics. This is known as binary notation.
More complex information can be created such as graphics, au­ dio and video using the binary, or on/off action of transistors.
Many materials, such as most metals, allow electrical current to flow through them. These are known as conductors. Materials that do not allow electrical current to flow through them are called in­ sulators. Pure silicon, the base material of most transistors, is con­ sidered a semiconductor because its conductivity can be modulated by the introduction of impurities.
Adding certain types of impurities (примесь) to the silicon in a transistor changes its crystalline structure and improves its ability to conduct electricity.
The binary function of transistors gives microprocessors the ability to perform many tasks; from simple word processing to video editing. Microprocessors have developed to a point where transistors can carry out hundreds of millions of instructions per second on a single chip. Automobiles, medical devices, televisions, computers and even the Space Shuttle use microprocessors. They all rely on the flow of binary information made possible by the tran­ sistor.

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Microprocessors are essential to many of the products we use every day such as TVs, cars, radios, home appliances and of course, computers. Transistors are the main components of microproces­ sors. At their most basic level, transistors may seem simple. But their development actually required many years of thorough research. Be­ fore transistors, computers relied on slow, inefficient vacuum tubes and mechanical switches to process information. In 1958, engineers put two transistors onto a silicon crystal and created the first inte­ grated circuit that led to the microprocessor. Here on a tiny silicon chip there are millions of switches and pathways that help computersmake important decisions and perform helpful tasks.Transistors are miniature electronic switches. They are the building blocks of the microprocessor which is the brain of thecomputer. Similar to a basic light switch, transistors have two oper­ ating positions, on and off. This on/off function enables the pro­ cessing of information in a computer.The only information computers understand are electrical sig­ nals that are switched on and off. To understand how transistors work, it is necessary to have an understanding of how a switched electronic circuit works. Switched electronic circuits consist of sev­ eral parts. One is the circuit pathway where the electrical current flows — typically through a wire. Another is the switch, a device that starts and stops the flow of electrical current by either com­ pleting or breaking the circuit’s pathway. Transistors have no mov­ ing parts and are turned on and off by electrical signals. The on/off switching of transistors facilitates the work performed by micropro­ cessors.Something that has only two states, like a transistor, can be re­ ferred to as binary. The transistor’s «on» state is represented by a 1 and the «off» state is represented by a 0. Specific sequences and patterns of l’s and 0’s generated by multiple transistors can repre­ sent letters, numbers, colours and graphics. This is known as binary notation.More complex information can be created such as graphics, au­ dio and video using the binary, or on/off action of transistors.Many materials, such as most metals, allow electrical current to flow through them. These are known as conductors. Materials that do not allow electrical current to flow through them are called in­ sulators. Pure silicon, the base material of most transistors, is con­ sidered a semiconductor because its conductivity can be modulated by the introduction of impurities.Добавление определенных видов примесей (примесь) кремния в транзистор изменяет его кристаллической структуры и улучшает его способность проводить электричество.Бинарный функции транзисторов дает микропроцессоров возможность выполнять множество задач; от простой обработки текстов для редактирования видео. Микропроцессоры разработали до точки, где транзисторы могут выполнять сотни миллионов инструкций в секунду на одном чипе. Автомобили, медицинские приборы, телевизоры, компьютеры и даже Спейс шаттл использования микропроцессоров. Все они опираются на поток двоичной информации стало возможным благодаря sistor Чан.